Butters gp30-gp31 system

traitmech:000298 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Butters gp30-gp31 locus that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (7)

DOI:10.1128/mSystems.00534-20
we unveil a novel defense mechanism in cluster N prophage Butters

Mageeney et al. identify the Butters prophage as encoding a new heterotypic phage-defense mechanism.
DOI:10.1128/mSystems.00534-20
we show that Butters genes located in the central region of the genome play a key role in the defense against heterotypic viral attack

Mageeney et al. support central Butters genes as contributors to prophage-mediated antiviral defense.
DOI:10.1128/mSystems.00534-20
Our study suggests that a two-component system, articulated by interactions between protein products of genes 30 and 31, confers defense against heterotypic phage infection by PurpleHaze (cluster A/subcluster A3) or Alma (cluster A/subcluster A9)

Mageeney et al. connect Butters genes 30 and 31 to a two-component system that defends against PurpleHaze and Alma phage infection.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Butters_gp30_gp31 | 10\.1128/mSystems\.00534-20 | Mycobacterium phage Butters-encoded proteins contribute to host defense against viral attack

The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Butters_gp30_gp31 system to the Mageeney et al. Butters-defense paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30 | Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30 | Butters_gp30_gp31

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records a Butters gp30-gp31 profile for Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30 in the Butters_gp30_gp31 model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 | Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 | Butters_gp30_gp31

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records a Butters gp30-gp31 profile for Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 in the Butters_gp30_gp31 model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Butters_gp30_gp31 Butters_gp30_gp31 2 2 Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30, Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31

The DefenseFinder rules table models Butters_gp30_gp31 as a two-component system requiring Butters_gp30 and Butters_gp31 profiles.

Butters gp30-gp31 loci confer heterotypic phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Butters gp30-gp31 locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger, gp31 modulatory role, or downstream arrest mechanism.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Butters gp30-gp31 as a named anti-phage system with DefenseFinder Butters gp30 and gp31 profiles while leaving the direct phage trigger, the biochemical action of gp30, the modulatory role of gp31, and the Island3-targeting gp30-independent mechanism unresolved.

Edge evidence

Butters gp30-gp31 locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326
Mageeney et al. show that Butters genes in the central genome region contribute to defense against heterotypic viral attack, and DefenseFinder catalogs Butters_gp30 and Butters_gp31 profiles in the Butters_gp30_gp31 model namespace.
- DOI:10.1128/mSystems.00534-20 we show that Butters genes located in the central region of the genome play a key role in the defense against heterotypic viral attack Mageeney et al. support Butters central genes as effectors of heterotypic viral defense.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30 | Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30 | Butters_gp30_gp31 The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records a Butters gp30-gp31 profile for Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30 in the Butters_gp30_gp31 model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 | Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 | Butters_gp30_gp31 The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records a Butters gp30-gp31 profile for Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 in the Butters_gp30_gp31 model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Butters_gp30_gp31 Butters_gp30_gp31 2 2 Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp30, Butters_gp30_gp31__Butters_gp31 The DefenseFinder rules table models Butters_gp30_gp31 as a two-component system requiring Butters_gp30 and Butters_gp31 profiles.
restricted phage propagation confers Butters gp30-gp31 system METPO:2007700
Butters-gp30-gp31-associated restriction of phage propagation realizes the Butters gp30-gp31 system trait.
- DOI:10.1128/mSystems.00534-20 Our study suggests that a two-component system, articulated by interactions between protein products of genes 30 and 31, confers defense against heterotypic phage infection by PurpleHaze (cluster A/subcluster A3) or Alma (cluster A/subcluster A9) Mageeney et al. support Butters gp30 and gp31 as a two-component system that can defend against PurpleHaze or Alma infection.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Butters_gp30_gp31 | 10\.1128/mSystems\.00534-20 | Mycobacterium phage Butters-encoded proteins contribute to host defense against viral attack DefenseFinder records Butters_gp30_gp31 as a named system from the Mageeney et al. Butters-defense paper.
Butters gp30-gp31 system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Butters gp30-gp31 system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md | Butters_gp30_gp31 | 10\.1128/mSystems\.00534-20 | Mycobacterium phage Butters-encoded proteins contribute to host defense against viral attack | DefenseFinder associates Butters_gp30_gp31 with the Mageeney et al. Butters viral-defense paper.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1128/mSystems.00534-20

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (1)

Butters_gp30_gp31 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve the Butters gp30 biochemical output, the gp31 modulatory role, the gp30-gp31 stoichiometry, the direct PurpleHaze or Alma trigger, the Island3 gp30-independent defense, and homolog breadth before minting narrower Butters gp30-gp31 mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN butters_gp30_gp31-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-20

Attached to causal_graphs#butters_gp30_gp31_locus_restricts_phage

Mageeney et al. and DefenseFinder support Butters gp30-gp31 as a named anti-phage system with Butters gp30 and gp31 profiles, but the direct phage trigger, gp30 biochemical output, gp31 modulatory activity, stoichiometry of the possible gp30-gp31 complex, gp30-independent Island3-targeting defense, and relationship to CarolAnn and Sbash homologous systems are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait.

Curation history

2026-09-20T01:32:52Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Butters gp30-gp31 system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v175.