Butters gp57r system

traitmech:000299 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Butters gp57r locus that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (7)

DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681
Butters gp57r is both necessary and sufficient to inhibit infection by Island3 and other phages

Mohammed et al. report Butters gp57r as the Butters component that can block Island3 and additional heterotypic phages.
DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681
mc2155(gp57r) recapitulated defense against Island3 comparable to that mounted by mc2155(Butters)

Mohammed et al. show that expressing Butters gene 57r is sufficient to reproduce Butters-like defense against Island3.
DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681
Results show that Butters gp57r defends against several other phages (Fig. 3A)

Mohammed et al. test the breadth of the cloned gp57r defense and find protection against additional heterotypic phages.
DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681
the proposal that gp57r acts downstream of DNA injection

Mohammed et al. narrow the antiviral effect to a post-DNA-injection step without resolving gp57r's direct molecular substrate.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Butters_gp57r | 10\.1101/2023\.01\.03\.522681 | Identification of a new antiphage system inMycobacteriumphage Butters

The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Butters_gp57r system to the Mohammed et al. Butters gp57r antiphage-system preprint.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Butters_gp57r__gp57r | Butters_gp57r__gp57r | Butters_gp57r

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records a Butters gp57r profile for Butters_gp57r__gp57r in the Butters_gp57r model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Butters_gp57r Butters_gp57r 1 1 Butters_gp57r__gp57r

The DefenseFinder rules table models Butters_gp57r as a one-component system requiring the gp57r profile.

Butters gp57r loci confer heterotypic phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Butters gp57r locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved gp57r substrate, nuclease output, or phage-tail escape mechanism.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Butters gp57r as a named anti-phage system with a DefenseFinder gp57r profile while leaving the direct Island3 or PurpleHaze trigger, the role of the HEPN-associated RX4-6H motif, the primary gp57r molecular output, and homolog breadth unresolved.

Edge evidence

Butters gp57r locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326
Mohammed et al. show that Butters gp57r is necessary and sufficient for Island3 inhibition, and DefenseFinder catalogs a gp57r profile in the Butters_gp57r model namespace.
- DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681 Butters gp57r is both necessary and sufficient to inhibit infection by Island3 and other phages Mohammed et al. support gp57r as the Butters component that can restrict Island3 and additional heterotypic phages.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md Butters_gp57r__gp57r | Butters_gp57r__gp57r | Butters_gp57r The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records a Butters gp57r profile for Butters_gp57r__gp57r in the Butters_gp57r model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Butters_gp57r Butters_gp57r 1 1 Butters_gp57r__gp57r The DefenseFinder rules table models Butters_gp57r as a one-component system requiring the gp57r profile.
restricted phage propagation confers Butters gp57r system METPO:2007700
Butters-gp57r-associated restriction of phage propagation realizes the Butters gp57r system trait.
- DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681 mc2155(gp57r) recapitulated defense against Island3 comparable to that mounted by mc2155(Butters) Mohammed et al. show that recombinant expression of Butters gene 57r can reproduce Butters-mediated Island3 defense.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Butters_gp57r | 10\.1101/2023\.01\.03\.522681 | Identification of a new antiphage system inMycobacteriumphage Butters DefenseFinder records Butters_gp57r as a named system from the Mohammed et al. Butters gp57r antiphage-system preprint.
Butters gp57r system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Butters gp57r system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md | Butters_gp57r | 10\.1101/2023\.01\.03\.522681 | Identification of a new antiphage system inMycobacteriumphage Butters | DefenseFinder associates Butters_gp57r with the Mohammed et al. Butters gp57r antiphage-system preprint.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1101/2023.01.03.522681

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (1)

Butters_gp57r RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve the Butters gp57r direct phage trigger, primary molecular target, HEPN-associated RX4-6H motif requirement, DNA-amplification defect, PurpleHaze minor-tail escape route, and homolog breadth before minting narrower Butters gp57r mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN butters_gp57r-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-20

Attached to causal_graphs#butters_gp57r_locus_restricts_phage

Mohammed et al. and DefenseFinder support Butters gp57r as a named anti-phage system with a gp57r profile, but the direct phage trigger, the biochemical role of its predicted HEPN domain and RX4-6H motif, the primary event leading to failed Island3 DNA amplification, and the defense scope of gp57r homologs in other mycobacteriophages or clinical Mycobacterium abscessus isolates are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait.

Curation history

2026-09-20T02:22:02Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Butters gp57r system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v176.