Dsr system

traitmech:000280 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a defense-associated sirtuin locus whose SIR2-domain effector can deplete NAD+ during bacteriophage defense and is modeled by DefenseFinder as Dsr subtypes.

Trait evidence (10)

DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372
we selected 48 candidate systems to test experimentally for defense activity

Gao et al. used heterologous reconstitution and phage challenge as their experimental screen for computationally predicted antiphage systems.
DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372
dsr, defense-associated sirtuin

Gao et al. introduced dsr as a defense-associated sirtuin name in the candidate-system activity figure.
DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372
Additional systems include proteins containing a SIR2 (sirtuin) deacetylase domain

Gao et al. place SIR2-domain proteins among additional antiphage defense-system candidates in their domain-architecture analysis.
DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01207-8
DSR proteins degrade nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) during infection, depleting the cell of this essential molecule and aborting phage propagation

Garb et al. showed that DSR SIR2-domain proteins can defend through infection-coupled NAD+ depletion.
DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01207-8
DSR2, directly identifies phage tail tube proteins and then becomes an active NADase in Bacillus subtilis

Garb et al. experimentally resolved the phage-derived activation cue for one Bacillus subtilis DSR2 system.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Dsr | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Dsr system to the Gao et al. antiphage-system discovery paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Dsr Dsr_I 1 1 Dsr_I__Dsr1

The DefenseFinder rules table models Dsr_I as a single-profile Dsr subtype.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Dsr_I__Dsr1 | Dsr_I__Dsr1 | Dsr_I

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records the Dsr1 profile in the Dsr_I model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Dsr Dsr_II 1 1 Dsr_II__Dsr2

The DefenseFinder rules table models Dsr_II as a single-profile Dsr subtype.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Dsr_II__Dsr2 | Dsr_II__Dsr2 | Dsr_II

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records the Dsr2 profile in the Dsr_II model namespace.

Dsr loci encode SIR2-domain antiphage proteins

Conservative system-level sketch linking a Dsr locus to SIR2-domain NAD+ depletion, subtype-specific bacteriophage resistance, and the Dsr system trait.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Dsr systems at the family level while leaving DefenseFinder Dsr_I/Dsr_II profile boundaries, subtype-specific triggers outside DSR2, host ranges, anti-defense proteins, and exact phage targets unresolved. This Dsr family is distinct from metabolic dissimilatory sulfite reductase DsrAB systems.

Edge evidence

Dsr locus contributes to SIR2-domain antiphage activity RO:0002326
Dsr loci encode SIR2-domain defense-associated sirtuin proteins.
- DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372 dsr, defense-associated sirtuin Gao et al. connect the Dsr name to a defense-associated sirtuin candidate.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md Dsr_I__Dsr1 | Dsr_I__Dsr1 | Dsr_I DefenseFinder includes Dsr1 in the Dsr_I custom model profile inventory.
SIR2-domain antiphage activity contributes to subtype-specific phage resistance RO:0002326
Garb et al. showed that DSR SIR2-domain effectors can degrade NAD+ during infection and abort phage propagation.
- DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01207-8 DSR proteins degrade nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) during infection, depleting the cell of this essential molecule and aborting phage propagation DSR SIR2-domain activity can deplete NAD+ during infection in an abortive phage defense outcome.
Dsr locus contributes to subtype-specific phage resistance RO:0002326
Garb et al. support DSR NAD+ depletion as an abortive phage-defense outcome, while DefenseFinder models Dsr_I and Dsr_II as named Dsr subtypes.
- DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01207-8 DSR proteins degrade nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) during infection, depleting the cell of this essential molecule and aborting phage propagation Garb et al. directly support infection-coupled DSR NAD+ depletion as an abortive antiphage output.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Dsr Dsr_I 1 1 Dsr_I__Dsr1 The DefenseFinder rules table supports Dsr_I as a named defense-system subtype model with a Dsr1 profile.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Dsr Dsr_II 1 1 Dsr_II__Dsr2 The DefenseFinder rules table supports Dsr_II as a named defense-system subtype model with a Dsr2 profile.
subtype-specific phage resistance confers Dsr system METPO:2007700
DefenseFinder represents Dsr as Dsr_I and Dsr_II subtypes within its Dsr system models.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Dsr Dsr_I 1 1 Dsr_I__Dsr1 The Dsr_I rule links the Dsr system namespace to the Dsr_I subtype and Dsr1 profile.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Dsr Dsr_II 1 1 Dsr_II__Dsr2 The Dsr_II rule links the Dsr system namespace to the Dsr_II subtype and Dsr2 profile.
Dsr system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Dsr system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Dsr | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes DefenseFinder associates Dsr with the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01207-8

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (2)

Dsr EXACT_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
defense-associated sirtuin RELATED_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Map DefenseFinder Dsr_I and Dsr_II profiles onto experimentally resolved DSR1 and DSR2 NADase triggers, host ranges, anti-defense proteins, and Dsr naming collisions before minting narrower Dsr mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN dsr-sirtuin-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-19

Attached to causal_graphs#dsr_sirtuin_antiphage_defense

Gao et al. support defense-associated sirtuin proteins as antiphage system components, Garb et al. resolved NAD+ depletion for multiple SIR2-dependent defense systems and tail tube-triggered NADase activation for B. subtilis DSR2, and DefenseFinder models Dsr_I and Dsr_II. This first record stays at Dsr-family level until the DefenseFinder subtype profiles can be aligned to specific experimental DSR1/DSR2 systems, trigger proteins, host ranges, and phage-encoded anti-DSR proteins. The DefenseFinder Dsr system is also lexically distinct from metabolic DsrAB dissimilatory sulfite reductase systems.

Curation history

2026-09-19T13:00:46Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Dsr system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact phage-defense Dsr TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v157.