MADS system

traitmech:000370 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a methylation-associated defense system locus whose canonical architecture has mad1 through mad8 genes and whose methylation-coupled self/non-self discrimination can restrict bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (15)

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
coined methylation-associated defense system (MADS)

Maestri et al. coin methylation-associated defense system (MADS) for the newly discovered phage-defense locus.
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
MADS interacts with a CRISPR-Cas system in its native host to provide robust and durable resistance against phages

Maestri et al. show that native-host MADS and CRISPR-Cas cooperate to provide robust phage resistance.
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
MADS encodes a defense system that is active against at least 4 different DNA phages

Maestri et al. support MADS activity against DMS3vir and three additional DNA phages.
DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
MADS uses a methylation-based self/non-self discrimination mechanism

Maestri et al. connect MADS to methylation-based self/non-self discrimination.
DOI:10.1101/2023.03.30.534895
Bacterial defences interact synergistically by disrupting phage cooperation

The bioRxiv version of Maestri et al. is the DOI cited in DefenseFinder's MADS article-registry row.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
MADS | 10\.1101/2023\.03\.30\.534895 | Bacterial defences interact synergistically by disrupting phage cooperation

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named MADS system to the Maestri et al. preprint.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
MADS MADS 3 3 MADS__mad1, MADS__mad2, MADS__mad3, MADS__mad4, MADS__mad5, MADS__mad6, MADS__mad7, MADS__mad8

The DefenseFinder rules table models MADS with MADS__mad1 through MADS__mad8 profiles and a minimum of three mandatory matches.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad1 | MADS__mad1 | MADS | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad1 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad2 | MADS__mad2 | MADS | Custom | 150 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad2 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad3 | MADS__mad3 | MADS | Custom | 200 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad3 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad4 | MADS__mad4 | MADS | Custom | 50 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad4 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad5 | MADS__mad5 | MADS | Custom | 50 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad5 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad6 | MADS__mad6 | MADS | Custom | 150 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad6 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad7 | MADS__mad7 | MADS | Custom | 100 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad7 under the MADS model namespace.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| MADS__mad8 | MADS__mad8 | MADS | Custom | 100 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad8 under the MADS model namespace.

MADS loci confer methylation-associated phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a MADS locus to methylation-based self/non-self discrimination, restriction of DNA phages, and the MADS system trait.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures MADS as a named eight-gene DefenseFinder profile set whose activity is associated with methylation and DNA restriction while leaving the exact mapping from the MADS__mad profiles to nuclease, ATPase, kinase, specificity, and methyltransferase activities unresolved.

Edge evidence

MADS locus contributes to MADS self/non-self discrimination RO:0002326
MADS loci encode an eight-gene methylation-associated defense system, and DefenseFinder models MADS as an eight-profile rule with at least three mandatory matches.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 coined methylation-associated defense system (MADS) Maestri et al. coin methylation-associated defense system (MADS) for the newly discovered phage-defense locus.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 MADS uses a methylation-based self/non-self discrimination mechanism Maestri et al. connect MADS to methylation-based self/non-self discrimination.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md MADS | 10\.1101/2023\.03\.30\.534895 | Bacterial defences interact synergistically by disrupting phage cooperation The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named MADS system to the Maestri et al. preprint.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv MADS MADS 3 3 MADS__mad1, MADS__mad2, MADS__mad3, MADS__mad4, MADS__mad5, MADS__mad6, MADS__mad7, MADS__mad8 The DefenseFinder rules table models MADS with MADS__mad1 through MADS__mad8 profiles and a minimum of three mandatory matches.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad1 | MADS__mad1 | MADS | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad1 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad2 | MADS__mad2 | MADS | Custom | 150 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad2 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad3 | MADS__mad3 | MADS | Custom | 200 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad3 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad4 | MADS__mad4 | MADS | Custom | 50 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad4 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad5 | MADS__mad5 | MADS | Custom | 50 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad5 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad6 | MADS__mad6 | MADS | Custom | 150 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad6 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad7 | MADS__mad7 | MADS | Custom | 100 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad7 under the MADS model namespace.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | MADS__mad8 | MADS__mad8 | MADS | Custom | 100 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MADS__mad8 under the MADS model namespace.
MADS self/non-self discrimination contributes to DNA phage restriction RO:0002326
MADS-associated methylation-based self/non-self discrimination contributes to DNA-phage restriction.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 MADS uses a methylation-based self/non-self discrimination mechanism Maestri et al. connect MADS to methylation-based self/non-self discrimination.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 MADS encodes a defense system that is active against at least 4 different DNA phages Maestri et al. support MADS activity against DMS3vir and three additional DNA phages.
DNA phage restriction confers MADS system METPO:2007700
MADS-mediated DNA-phage restriction realizes the MADS system trait.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 MADS encodes a defense system that is active against at least 4 different DNA phages Maestri et al. support MADS activity against DMS3vir and three additional DNA phages.
MADS system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
MADS system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 coined methylation-associated defense system (MADS) Maestri et al. coin methylation-associated defense system (MADS) for the newly discovered phage-defense locus.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 MADS interacts with a CRISPR-Cas system in its native host to provide robust and durable resistance against phages Maestri et al. show that native-host MADS and CRISPR-Cas cooperate to provide robust phage resistance.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md MADS | 10\.1101/2023\.03\.30\.534895 | Bacterial defences interact synergistically by disrupting phage cooperation The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named MADS system to the Maestri et al. preprint.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (10)

MADS EXACT_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
methylation-associated defense system EXACT_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
MADS__mad1 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad2 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad3 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad4 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad5 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad6 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad7 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
MADS__mad8 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Canonical examples (1)

Organisms cited as exemplars of this trait. Taxon ids are NCBITaxon and link out to the NCBI record.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCBITaxon:287 DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005 Maestri et al. discovered MADS in the native Pseudomonas aeruginosa SMC4386 locus and showed that deleting the locus reduced resistance to phage DMS3vir.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve MADS subtype boundaries, MADS3-4 relationships, and Mad1-Mad8 profile-to-activity mappings before minting narrower MADS mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN mads-profile-activity-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-24

Attached to causal_graphs#mads_methylation_restricts_phage

Maestri et al. support MADS as a methylation-associated defense system active against DNA phages, and DefenseFinder models MADS as an eight-profile rule. The pinned model does not resolve which combinations of MADS__mad profiles correspond to methylation, specificity, nuclease, ATPase, or kinase activities, so this first record stays at system level.

Evidence

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.005
MADS encodes a defense system that is active against at least 4 different DNA phages
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
MADS MADS 3 3 MADS__mad1, MADS__mad2, MADS__mad3, MADS__mad4, MADS__mad5, MADS__mad6, MADS__mad7, MADS__mad8

Curation history

2026-09-25T03:36:00Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted MADS system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v247.