Mokosh system

traitmech:000246 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Mokosh locus represented by MkoA/MkoB type I or MkoC type II components that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (8)

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments

Millman et al. report the computational and experimental cohort that DefenseFinder cites for Mokosh as a bacterial anti-phage system.
DOI:10.1101/2022.05.11.491447
discovery of 21 new defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage infection experiments

The bioRxiv version of Millman et al. independently carries the 21-system discovery claim linked from DefenseFinder's Mokosh article registry.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Mokosh | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages

The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Mokosh system to the Millman et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Mokosh_type_I__MkoA_A, Mokosh_type_I__MkoB_A

The DefenseFinder rules table models one type I Mokosh subtype with MkoA and MkoB profiles.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Mokosh_TypeII__MkoC

The DefenseFinder rules table models type II Mokosh systems around an MkoC profile.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Mokosh_type_I__MkoA_A

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MkoA as a Mokosh type I profile.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Mokosh_type_I__MkoB_A

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MkoB as a Mokosh type I profile.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Mokosh_TypeII__MkoC

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records MkoC as a Mokosh type II profile.

Mokosh loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Mokosh locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Mokosh as a named anti-phage system with type I MkoA/MkoB and type II MkoC DefenseFinder profiles while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved.

Edge evidence

Mokosh locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Mokosh to a bacterial anti-phage-system discovery preprint and represents Mokosh loci through type I MkoA/MkoB and type II MkoC component profiles.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages Millman et al. describe the anti-phage discovery cohort that the DefenseFinder Mokosh registry row maps to the Mokosh system.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Mokosh | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages The DefenseFinder registry maps Mokosh itself to the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Mokosh_type_I__MkoA_A, Mokosh_type_I__MkoB_A The DefenseFinder rules table supports MkoA and MkoB as Mokosh type I profiles.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Mokosh_TypeII__MkoC The DefenseFinder rules table supports MkoC as a Mokosh type II profile.
restricted phage propagation confers Mokosh system METPO:2007700
Mokosh-mediated phage restriction realizes the Mokosh system trait.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages Millman et al. place the Mokosh discovery cohort in the set of bacterial systems that protect against phages.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Mokosh | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages DefenseFinder records Mokosh as a named system from the Millman et al. antiphage discovery preprint.
Mokosh system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Mokosh system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages DefenseFinder associates Mokosh with the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery paper.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (1)

Mokosh EXACT_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Mokosh phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower Mokosh mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN mokosh-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-18

Attached to causal_graphs#mokosh_locus_restricts_phage

Millman et al. and DefenseFinder support Mokosh as a named anti-phage system with type I and type II profiles, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait.

Curation history

2026-09-18T16:50:59Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Mokosh system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v123.