PD-T4-10 system

traitmech:000394 · CLASS · PROPOSED

An abortive infection system in which an organism possesses a PD-T4-10 locus represented by DefenseFinder as a two-profile model, PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B, and experimentally linked to T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 protection when expressed in E. coli.

Trait evidence (9)

DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4
Here we developed an experimental selection scheme agnostic to genomic context to identify defence systems in 71 diverse E. coli strains. Our results unveil 21 conserved defence systems, none of which were previously detected as enriched in defence islands.

Vassallo et al. developed the agnostic E. coli pangenome selection that uncovered PD-T4-10 and related conserved phage-defense systems.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
The PD-T4-10 system is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_B and, PD-T4-10_A. These ORFs are overlapping and PD-T4-10_B is toxic while PD-T4-10_A neutralizes its toxicity, hinting at a toxin-antitoxin (TA) mechanism. It confers resitance to T2, T4, T6 and SECphi27 through an Abi defense mechanism :ref{doi=10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4}.

The DefenseFinder wiki describes PD-T4-10 as a two-protein Abi system whose overlapping ORFs include a toxic PD-T4-10_B and neutralizing PD-T4-10_A.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
The PD-T4-10 is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10_B.

The DefenseFinder wiki names PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10_B as the two components of the PD-T4-10 system.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
The PD-T4-10 system in *Escherichia fergusonii* (GCF_019047545.1, NZ_CP077242) is composed of 2 proteins PD-T4-10_A (WP_032236482.1) PD-T4-10_B (WP_032236481.1)

The DefenseFinder wiki illustrates a predicted PD-T4-10 locus in RefSeq assembly GCF_019047545.1 on NZ_CP077242.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
Vassallo_2022[<a href='https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4'>Vassallo et al., 2022</a>] --> Origin_0 Origin_0[Escherichia coli <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36089.1'>RCO36089.1</a>, <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36088.1'>RCO36088.1</a>] --> Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] ----> T2 & T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi27

The DefenseFinder experimental-validation diagram links Vassallo et al. to an E. coli PD-T4-10 source locus expressed in E. coli against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
subgraph Title4[Protects against] T2 T4 T6 T5 SECphi27

The DefenseFinder experimental-validation diagram lists T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 in the PD-T4-10 protects-against subgraph.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
PD-T4-10 | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.12\.491691 | Mapping the landscape of anti-phage defense mechanisms in the E\. coli pangenome

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named PD-T4-10 system to the Vassallo et al. E. coli pangenome phage-defense preprint.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
PD-T4-10 PD-T4-10 2 2 PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A, PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B

The DefenseFinder rules table models PD-T4-10 as a two-profile system requiring PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A | PD-T4-10 | Custom | 20 | | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B | PD-T4-10 | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B under the PD-T4-10 system namespace.

PD-T4-10 loci restrict T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a PD-T4-10 locus to protection against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures PD-T4-10 as a named DefenseFinder abortive-infection system while leaving natural host breadth, the direct phage trigger, the toxic PD-T4-10_B target, and the PD-T4-10_A neutralization logic unresolved.

Edge evidence

PD-T4-10 locus contributes to T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 protection RO:0002326
The DefenseFinder wiki links a PD-T4-10 locus from Vassallo et al. to protection against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27, and DefenseFinder models PD-T4-10 through two mandatory profiles.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md The PD-T4-10 system is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_B and, PD-T4-10_A. These ORFs are overlapping and PD-T4-10_B is toxic while PD-T4-10_A neutralizes its toxicity, hinting at a toxin-antitoxin (TA) mechanism. It confers resitance to T2, T4, T6 and SECphi27 through an Abi defense mechanism :ref{doi=10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4}. The DefenseFinder wiki describes PD-T4-10 as a two-protein Abi system whose overlapping ORFs include a toxic PD-T4-10_B and neutralizing PD-T4-10_A.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md The PD-T4-10 is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10_B. The DefenseFinder wiki names PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10_B as the two components of the PD-T4-10 system.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md Vassallo_2022[<a href='https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4'>Vassallo et al., 2022</a>] --> Origin_0 Origin_0[Escherichia coli <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36089.1'>RCO36089.1</a>, <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36088.1'>RCO36088.1</a>] --> Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] ----> T2 & T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi27 The DefenseFinder experimental-validation diagram links Vassallo et al. to an E. coli PD-T4-10 source locus expressed in E. coli against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md subgraph Title4[Protects against] T2 T4 T6 T5 SECphi27 The DefenseFinder experimental-validation diagram lists T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 in the PD-T4-10 protects-against subgraph.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv PD-T4-10 PD-T4-10 2 2 PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A, PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B The DefenseFinder rules table models PD-T4-10 as a two-profile system requiring PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A | PD-T4-10 | Custom | 20 | | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B | PD-T4-10 | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B under the PD-T4-10 system namespace.
T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 protection confers PD-T4-10 system METPO:2007700
Protection against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 realizes the PD-T4-10 system trait.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md Vassallo_2022[<a href='https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4'>Vassallo et al., 2022</a>] --> Origin_0 Origin_0[Escherichia coli <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36089.1'>RCO36089.1</a>, <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36088.1'>RCO36088.1</a>] --> Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] ----> T2 & T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi27 The DefenseFinder experimental-validation diagram links Vassallo et al. to an E. coli PD-T4-10 source locus expressed in E. coli against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md subgraph Title4[Protects against] T2 T4 T6 T5 SECphi27 The DefenseFinder experimental-validation diagram lists T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27 in the PD-T4-10 protects-against subgraph.
PD-T4-10 system is a abortive infection system rdfs:subClassOf
PD-T4-10 system possession is an abortive-infection-system trait.
- DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4 Here we developed an experimental selection scheme agnostic to genomic context to identify defence systems in 71 diverse E. coli strains. Our results unveil 21 conserved defence systems, none of which were previously detected as enriched in defence islands. Vassallo et al. developed the agnostic E. coli pangenome selection that uncovered PD-T4-10 and related conserved phage-defense systems.
- https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md The PD-T4-10 system is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_B and, PD-T4-10_A. These ORFs are overlapping and PD-T4-10_B is toxic while PD-T4-10_A neutralizes its toxicity, hinting at a toxin-antitoxin (TA) mechanism. It confers resitance to T2, T4, T6 and SECphi27 through an Abi defense mechanism :ref{doi=10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4}. The DefenseFinder wiki describes PD-T4-10 as a two-protein Abi system whose overlapping ORFs include a toxic PD-T4-10_B and neutralizing PD-T4-10_A.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md PD-T4-10 | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.12\.491691 | Mapping the landscape of anti-phage defense mechanisms in the E\. coli pangenome The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named PD-T4-10 system to the Vassallo et al. E. coli pangenome phage-defense preprint.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv PD-T4-10 PD-T4-10 2 2 PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A, PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B The DefenseFinder rules table models PD-T4-10 as a two-profile system requiring PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md

Parent traits (1)

abortive infection system traitmech:000214

Synonyms (3)

PD-T4-10 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve PD-T4-10 natural host breadth, direct phage trigger, the toxic PD-T4-10_B target, and PD-T4-10_A neutralization logic before minting narrower PD-T4-10 mechanism traits.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN pd-t4-10-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-26

Attached to causal_graphs#pd_t4_10_locus_restricts_t2_t4_t6_t5_and_secphi27

Vassallo et al. support PD-T4-10 as one of the conserved systems from an E. coli pangenome phage-defense selection, the DefenseFinder wiki maps the source locus to protection against T2, T4, T6, T5, and SECphi27, and DefenseFinder represents the system with two mandatory profiles and an abortive-infection mechanism assignment. Natural host breadth, the direct phage trigger, the toxic PD-T4-10_B target, and the PD-T4-10_A neutralization logic remain unresolved.

Evidence

DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4
Here we developed an experimental selection scheme agnostic to genomic context to identify defence systems in 71 diverse E. coli strains. Our results unveil 21 conserved defence systems, none of which were previously detected as enriched in defence islands.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
The PD-T4-10 system is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_B and, PD-T4-10_A. These ORFs are overlapping and PD-T4-10_B is toxic while PD-T4-10_A neutralizes its toxicity, hinting at a toxin-antitoxin (TA) mechanism. It confers resitance to T2, T4, T6 and SECphi27 through an Abi defense mechanism :ref{doi=10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4}.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
The PD-T4-10 is composed of 2 proteins: PD-T4-10_A and PD-T4-10_B.
https://gitlab.pasteur.fr/mdm-lab/wiki/-/raw/ee7647d8/content/3.defense-systems/pd-t4-10.md
Vassallo_2022[<a href='https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-022-01219-4'>Vassallo et al., 2022</a>] --> Origin_0 Origin_0[Escherichia coli <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36089.1'>RCO36089.1</a>, <a href='https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/RCO36088.1'>RCO36088.1</a>] --> Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] Expressed_0[Escherichia coli] ----> T2 & T4 & T6 & T5 & SECphi27
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
PD-T4-10 PD-T4-10 2 2 PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A, PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_A | PD-T4-10 | Custom | 20 | | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B | PD-T4-10__PD-T4-10_B | PD-T4-10 | Custom | 20 |

Curation history

2026-09-26T20:56:41Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted PD-T4-10 system as a DOI- and DefenseFinder-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under abortive infection system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v271.
2026-09-26T20:56:42Z · REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE_GAP · codex
Reviewed PD-T4-10 system canonical_examples and left them empty because the current sources support an E. coli accession-level experimental validation graph, a DefenseFinder two-profile system model, and a RefSeq Escherichia fergusonii example, but not a direct native microbial isolate exemplar with experimentally verified endogenous PD-T4-10 activity. No paid research was used.