PsyrTA system

traitmech:000257 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a two-component PsyrTA locus represented by PsyrA and PsyrT profiles that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (6)

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments

Millman et al. report the computational and experimental cohort that DefenseFinder cites for PsyrTA as a bacterial anti-phage system.
DOI:10.1101/2022.05.11.491447
discovery of 21 new defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage infection experiments

The bioRxiv version of Millman et al. independently carries the 21-system discovery claim linked from DefenseFinder's PsyrTA article registry.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
PsyrTA | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages

The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named PsyrTA system to the Millman et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
PsyrTA PsyrTA 2 2 PsyrTA__PsyrA, PsyrTA__PsyrT

The DefenseFinder rules table models PsyrTA with PsyrA and PsyrT profiles.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
PsyrTA__PsyrA | PsyrTA__PsyrA | PsyrTA

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records PsyrA as a PsyrTA profile.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
PsyrTA__PsyrT | PsyrTA__PsyrT | PsyrTA

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records PsyrT as a PsyrTA profile.

PsyrTA loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a PsyrTA locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures PsyrTA as a named anti-phage system with the required DefenseFinder PsyrA and PsyrT profiles while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved.

Edge evidence

PsyrTA locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps PsyrTA to a bacterial anti-phage-system discovery preprint and represents PsyrTA loci through PsyrA and PsyrT component profiles.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages Millman et al. describe the anti-phage discovery cohort that the DefenseFinder PsyrTA registry row maps to the PsyrTA system.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md PsyrTA | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages The DefenseFinder registry maps PsyrTA itself to the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv PsyrTA PsyrTA 2 2 PsyrTA__PsyrA, PsyrTA__PsyrT The DefenseFinder rules table supports both PsyrA and PsyrT as required PsyrTA system profiles.
restricted phage propagation confers PsyrTA system METPO:2007700
PsyrTA-mediated phage restriction realizes the PsyrTA system trait.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages Millman et al. place the PsyrTA discovery cohort in the set of bacterial systems that protect against phages.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md PsyrTA | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages DefenseFinder records PsyrTA as a named system from the Millman et al. antiphage discovery preprint.
PsyrTA system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
PsyrTA system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages DefenseFinder associates PsyrTA with the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery paper.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (1)

PsyrTA EXACT_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve PsyrTA phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower PsyrTA mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN psyrta-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-19

Attached to causal_graphs#psyrta_locus_restricts_phage

Millman et al. and DefenseFinder support PsyrTA as a named anti-phage system with required PsyrA and PsyrT profiles, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait.

Curation history

2026-09-19T00:47:28Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted PsyrTA system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v134.