Tiamat system

traitmech:000261 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Tiamat locus represented by a TmtA profile that can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (5)

DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017
discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage-infection experiments

Millman et al. report the computational and experimental cohort that DefenseFinder cites for Tiamat as a bacterial anti-phage system.
DOI:10.1101/2022.05.11.491447
discovery of 21 new defense systems that protect bacteria from phages, based on computational genomic analyses and phage infection experiments

The bioRxiv version of Millman et al. independently carries the 21-system discovery claim linked from DefenseFinder's Tiamat article registry.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Tiamat | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages

The DefenseFinder model registry maps the named Tiamat system to the Millman et al. antiphage-system discovery preprint.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Tiamat Tiamat 1 1 Tiamat__TmtA

The DefenseFinder rules table models Tiamat with a TmtA profile.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Tiamat__TmtA | Tiamat__TmtA | Tiamat

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records TmtA in the Tiamat model namespace.

Tiamat loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Tiamat locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved phage trigger or molecular output.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Tiamat as a named anti-phage system with the required DefenseFinder TmtA profile while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype breadth unresolved.

Edge evidence

Tiamat locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Tiamat to a bacterial anti-phage-system discovery preprint and represents Tiamat loci through the TmtA component profile.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages Millman et al. describe the anti-phage discovery cohort that the DefenseFinder Tiamat registry row maps to the Tiamat system.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Tiamat | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages The DefenseFinder registry maps Tiamat itself to the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery preprint.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Tiamat Tiamat 1 1 Tiamat__TmtA The DefenseFinder rules table supports TmtA as the required Tiamat system profile.
restricted phage propagation confers Tiamat system METPO:2007700
Tiamat-mediated phage restriction realizes the Tiamat system trait.
- DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017 discovery of 21 defense systems that protect bacteria from phages Millman et al. place the Tiamat discovery cohort in the set of bacterial systems that protect against phages.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Tiamat | 10\.1101/2022\.05\.11\.491447 | An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages DefenseFinder records Tiamat as a named system from the Millman et al. antiphage discovery preprint.
Tiamat system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Tiamat system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md An expanding arsenal of immune systems that protect bacteria from phages DefenseFinder associates Tiamat with the Millman et al. bacterial antiphage-system discovery paper.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2022.09.017

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (1)

Tiamat EXACT_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Tiamat phage triggers and effector outputs before minting narrower Tiamat mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN tiamat-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-19

Attached to causal_graphs#tiamat_locus_restricts_phage

Millman et al. and DefenseFinder support Tiamat as a named anti-phage system with a TmtA profile, but the trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, and subtype-specific mechanism are not resolved enough here to assert a narrower mechanistic child trait.

Curation history

2026-09-19T02:44:11Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Tiamat system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v138.