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Toga system

traitmech:000498 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a single-protein Toga antiviral locus that is encoded by P4-like phage satellites and can protect bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Trait evidence (4)

  • DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898
    The single protein in the Toga system has several hits with protein domains associated (through FoldSeek) with the Gao_Ppl

    de Sousa et al. identify Toga as a single-protein defense system with detectable defense-domain similarity.

  • DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898
    with most (e.g. Bandua, Aernus, Toga, and Reve) providing strong protection against phages of different families

    de Sousa et al. identify Toga among the novel P4-associated systems that provided strong protection against phage challenge.

  • DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898
    Our experimental validation of anti-phage activity for 13 novel systems encoded by P4 confirms

    de Sousa et al. summarize the validated P4-encoded novel-system cohort in their discussion.

  • https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
    | Toga | 10\.64898/2026\.02\.27\.708500 | Shuttling, swapping and mixing: the rapid modular evolution of antiviral repertoires in temperate phages and their satellites |

    The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Toga source key to the de Sousa et al. P4/P2 antiviral-repertoire paper preprint.

Toga loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Toga locus to restricted bacteriophage propagation without asserting the unresolved trigger or molecular output.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Toga as a named single-protein P4 anti-phage system while leaving its phage trigger, molecular substrate, antiviral effector output, source-locus breadth, and DefenseFinder HMM/rule model coverage unresolved.

Toga loci confer bacterial phage defense Interactive directed graph showing evidence-backed causal relationships for Toga system.

Edge evidence

  • Toga locus contributes to restricted phage propagation RO:0002326

    Toga loci are among the novel P4-encoded systems that reduced bacteriophage infection.

  • restricted phage propagation confers Toga system METPO:2007700

    Toga-mediated phage protection realizes the Toga system trait.

    • DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898 with most (e.g. Bandua, Aernus, Toga, and Reve) providing strong protection against phages of different families de Sousa et al. connect Toga to strong protection in the novel-system validation cohort.
  • Toga system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf

    Toga system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.

    • DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898 13 novel systems encoded by P4 confirms that the contribution of defence functions to the pangenomes of P4 and P2 de Sousa et al. frame Toga and its cohort as newly validated P4-encoded anti-phage defense functions.

Provenance

Identifier source
TraitMech local identifier
Definition source
DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898

Parent traits (1)

Synonyms (1)

  • Toga EXACT_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1093/nar/gkag898

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Toga locus breadth, exact phage triggers, direct molecular output, source-system table rows, and DefenseFinder HMM/rule coverage before minting narrower Toga mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN toga-mechanism-and-modelling-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-30

Attached to causal_graphs#toga_locus_restricts_phage

de Sousa et al. support Toga as one of the novel P4-encoded systems with experimental phage-protection activity, and the pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the Toga source key to the corresponding preprint. The pinned HMM inventory and rules table have no exact Toga rows, and this first-pass record does not resolve the tested source locus, complete phage breadth, exact trigger, molecular output, or detection rule.

Evidence

Curation history

  1. · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex

    Minted Toga system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v375.

  2. · REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE · codex

    Reviewed Toga system canonical_examples and left them empty because de Sousa et al. support P4-encoded Toga phage protection and a DefenseFinder article-registry row, but not a direct named native microbial isolate exemplar with experimentally verified endogenous Toga activity. No paid research was used.