DS-10 system

traitmech:000434 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses the single-gene DefensePredictor-discovered system 10 locus cataloged as working transcriptional unit ZAPB and whose plasmid expression in E. coli MG1655 reduced bacteriophage plaquing.

Trait evidence (6)

DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924
To test for anti-phage defense, we placed each TU with its predicted native promoter region on a low-copy number plasmid in E. coli MG1655 and challenged these strains with a panel of 24 diverse E. coli phages (Fig. 3; fig. S2). In total, 42 (45% of 94) of the cloned TUs produced smaller plaque sizes or reduced the efficiency of plating (EOP) at least ten-fold relative to an empty vector control strain

DeWeirdt et al. experimentally validated 42 predicted transcriptional units as phage-defense systems in E. coli.
DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924
We refer to these validated TUs as DefensePredictor discovered systems (DSs), with genes in multi-gene TUs denoted by an alphabetical suffix, e.g., DS-8A is the first gene of DS-8.

DeWeirdt et al. name validated transcriptional units as DefensePredictor discovered systems.
https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx
ZAPB NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 GCF_003334705.1 + True False False True DefensePredictor hits 74276 75694 hypothetical protein WP_087897267.1 3.3510039243908 -0.2574120081490247 True False Predicted novel defense gene DS-10

The final Science supplementary Table S6 maps working_id ZAPB to DS_name DS-10, marks the cloned transcriptional unit as defensive, and records NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 positions 74276-75694 with product accession WP_087897267.1.
https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S8.xlsx
ZAPB DS-10 True

The final Science supplementary Table S8 maps ZAPB to replicated display name DS-10.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
| DS-10 | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631726 | DefensePredictor: A machine learning model to discover novel prokaryotic immune systems |

The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the DS-10 source key to the preprint DOI for the DeWeirdt et al. DefensePredictor study, which has since been published in Science.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| DS-10__DS-10 | | DS-10 | Custom | 200 |

The pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory records DS-10__DS-10 as a custom DS-10 profile.

DS-10 locus reduces bacteriophage plaquing

Conservative system-level sketch linking the single-gene DS-10 locus to reduced bacteriophage plaquing without resolving DS-10 component function or effector activity.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures DS-10 as the validated ZAPB transcriptional unit with one product accession and with a DefenseFinder DS-10 profile row. It does not assert native host breadth, exact profile-to-protein correspondence, the direct viral trigger or substrate, exact molecular output, phage target breadth, final Table S7 per-phage readouts, HHPred domain annotations, or DefenseFinder rule-level detection criteria.

Edge evidence

DS-10 locus contributes to reduced bacteriophage plaquing RO:0002326
The DS-10/ZAPB locus contributes to reduced bacteriophage plaquing when plasmid expressed.
- DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924 To test for anti-phage defense, we placed each TU with its predicted native promoter region on a low-copy number plasmid in E. coli MG1655 and challenged these strains with a panel of 24 diverse E. coli phages (Fig. 3; fig. S2). In total, 42 (45% of 94) of the cloned TUs produced smaller plaque sizes or reduced the efficiency of plating (EOP) at least ten-fold relative to an empty vector control strain DeWeirdt et al. experimentally validate DefensePredictor-discovered systems by assaying cloned transcriptional units against E. coli phages.
- https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx ZAPB NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 GCF_003334705.1 + True False False True DefensePredictor hits 74276 75694 hypothetical protein WP_087897267.1 3.3510039243908 -0.2574120081490247 True False Predicted novel defense gene DS-10 The final Science supplementary Table S6 maps working_id ZAPB to DS_name DS-10, marks the cloned transcriptional unit as defensive, and records NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 positions 74276-75694 with product accession WP_087897267.1.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | DS-10__DS-10 | | DS-10 | Custom | 200 | The pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory records DS-10__DS-10 as a custom DS-10 profile.
reduced bacteriophage plaquing confers DS-10 system METPO:2007700
DS-10-mediated phage plaquing reduction realizes the DS-10 system trait.
- DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924 We refer to these validated TUs as DefensePredictor discovered systems (DSs), with genes in multi-gene TUs denoted by an alphabetical suffix, e.g., DS-8A is the first gene of DS-8. DeWeirdt et al. name each validated transcriptional unit as a DefensePredictor discovered system.
- https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx ZAPB NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 GCF_003334705.1 + True False False True DefensePredictor hits 74276 75694 hypothetical protein WP_087897267.1 3.3510039243908 -0.2574120081490247 True False Predicted novel defense gene DS-10 The final Science supplementary Table S6 maps working_id ZAPB to DS_name DS-10, marks the cloned transcriptional unit as defensive, and records NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 positions 74276-75694 with product accession WP_087897267.1.
DS-10 system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
DS-10 system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924 To test for anti-phage defense, we placed each TU with its predicted native promoter region on a low-copy number plasmid in E. coli MG1655 and challenged these strains with a panel of 24 diverse E. coli phages (Fig. 3; fig. S2). In total, 42 (45% of 94) of the cloned TUs produced smaller plaque sizes or reduced the efficiency of plating (EOP) at least ten-fold relative to an empty vector control strain DeWeirdt et al. validate DSs as anti-phage systems.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md | DS-10 | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631726 | DefensePredictor: A machine learning model to discover novel prokaryotic immune systems | The pinned DefenseFinder article registry maps the DS-10 source key to the preprint DOI for the DeWeirdt et al. DefensePredictor study, which has since been published in Science.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (3)

DS-10 EXACT_SYNONYM · DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924
ZAPB RELATED_SYNONYM · https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx
DS-10__DS-10 RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve DS-10 native host breadth, exact DS-10 component function, sensitive-phage breadth, molecular output, HHPred domain support, per-phage Table S7 readouts, and rule-level detection criteria before minting narrower DS-10 mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN ds-10-defensefinder-model-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-28

Attached to causal_graphs#ds_10_locus_reduces_phage_plaquing

DeWeirdt et al. support DS-10 as the defensive ZAPB transcriptional unit that reduced plaquing when cloned in E. coli MG1655, and the pinned DefenseFinder HMM inventory records one DS-10 profile row. The final Table S7 and HHPred-domain sheets have no ZAPB rows, the pinned rules table has no DS-10 row, and the first-pass record does not resolve native host breadth, exact component activity, phage target breadth, the direct molecular output, or endogenous DS-10 activity.

Evidence

DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924
To test for anti-phage defense, we placed each TU with its predicted native promoter region on a low-copy number plasmid in E. coli MG1655 and challenged these strains with a panel of 24 diverse E. coli phages (Fig. 3; fig. S2). In total, 42 (45% of 94) of the cloned TUs produced smaller plaque sizes or reduced the efficiency of plating (EOP) at least ten-fold relative to an empty vector control strain
DOI:10.1126/science.adv7924
We refer to these validated TUs as DefensePredictor discovered systems (DSs), with genes in multi-gene TUs denoted by an alphabetical suffix, e.g., DS-8A is the first gene of DS-8.
https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S6.xlsx
ZAPB NZ_QOWZ01000021.1 GCF_003334705.1 + True False False True DefensePredictor hits 74276 75694 hypothetical protein WP_087897267.1 3.3510039243908 -0.2574120081490247 True False Predicted novel defense gene DS-10
https://pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13092281.1/NIHMS2163519-supplement-Table_S8.xlsx
ZAPB DS-10 True
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
| DS-10 | 10\.1101/2025\.01\.08\.631726 | DefensePredictor: A machine learning model to discover novel prokaryotic immune systems |
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| DS-10__DS-10 | | DS-10 | Custom | 200 |
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv

Curation history

2026-09-28T12:48:52Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted DS-10 system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; kept the graph at cloned ZAPB transcriptional unit level because the pinned DefenseFinder DS-10 HMM row is not backed by a rules row; proposals/metpo_traitmech_v311 reserves the replacement placeholder.
2026-09-28T12:48:53Z · REVIEW_CANONICAL_EXAMPLE_EVIDENCE_GAP · codex
Reviewed DS-10 system canonical_examples and left them empty because DeWeirdt et al. support cloned ZAPB plaquing assays in E. coli MG1655 plus a DefenseFinder DS-10 model, but not a direct named native microbial isolate exemplar with experimentally verified endogenous DS-10 activity. No paid research was used.