Gao-Iet system

traitmech:000354 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Gao_Iet locus represented by DefenseFinder as a two-profile model requiring Gao_Iet__IetA and Gao_Iet__IetS.

Trait evidence (5)

PMID:32855333
By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages.

Gao et al. support a systematic defense-gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution campaign that discovered widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_Iet | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Iet system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Gao_Iet Gao_Iet 2 2 Gao_Iet__IetA, Gao_Iet__IetS

The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Iet as a two-profile system requiring the Gao_Iet__IetA and Gao_Iet__IetS profiles.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Iet__IetA | Gao_Iet__IetA | Gao_Iet | Custom | 100 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Iet__IetA under Gao_Iet.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Iet__IetS | Gao_Iet__IetS | Gao_Iet | Custom | 50 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Iet__IetS under Gao_Iet.

Gao-Iet loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Gao_Iet locus to Gao et al. antiviral cassette defense without asserting the unresolved IetA or IetS component activities.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Gao-Iet as a named DefenseFinder two-profile Gao-family system while leaving natural hosts, IetA/IetS protein functions, phage triggers, and direct effector activity unresolved.

Edge evidence

Gao_Iet locus contributes to Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Gao_Iet to the Gao et al. systematic antiphage-system discovery paper and models it as a two-profile system requiring IetA and IetS.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_Iet | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Iet system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_Iet Gao_Iet 2 2 Gao_Iet__IetA, Gao_Iet__IetS The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Iet as a two-profile system requiring the Gao_Iet__IetA and Gao_Iet__IetS profiles.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Iet__IetA | Gao_Iet__IetA | Gao_Iet | Custom | 100 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Iet__IetA under Gao_Iet.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Iet__IetS | Gao_Iet__IetS | Gao_Iet | Custom | 50 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Iet__IetS under Gao_Iet.
Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense confers Gao-Iet system METPO:2007700
Gao_Iet-associated antiviral cassette defense realizes the Gao-Iet system trait.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
Gao-Iet system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Gao-Iet system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_Iet | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Iet system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_Iet Gao_Iet 2 2 Gao_Iet__IetA, Gao_Iet__IetS The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Iet as a two-profile system requiring the Gao_Iet__IetA and Gao_Iet__IetS profiles.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (3)

Gao_Iet RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_Iet__IetA RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Iet__IetS RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Gao_Iet natural hosts, IetA/IetS component functions, phage triggers, and effector activity before minting narrower Gao_Iet mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN gao-iet-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-22

Attached to causal_graphs#gao_iet_locus_restricts_phage

Gao et al. support widespread antiviral gene cassettes that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages, and DefenseFinder models Gao_Iet as a two-profile system. The exact natural host breadth, Iet component identities, phage trigger, and profile-to-activity mapping remain unresolved.

Curation history

2026-09-22T03:34:26Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Gao-Iet system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v231.