Gao-Mza system

traitmech:000355 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Gao_Mza locus represented by DefenseFinder as a five-profile model requiring Gao_Mza__MzaA, Gao_Mza__MzaB, Gao_Mza__MzaC, Gao_Mza__MzaD, and Gao_Mza__MzaE.

Trait evidence (8)

PMID:32855333
By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages.

Gao et al. support a systematic defense-gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution campaign that discovered widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_Mza | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Mza system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Gao_Mza Gao_Mza 5 5 Gao_Mza__MzaA, Gao_Mza__MzaB, Gao_Mza__MzaC, Gao_Mza__MzaD, Gao_Mza__MzaE

The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Mza as a five-profile system requiring the Gao_Mza__MzaA through Gao_Mza__MzaE profiles.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Mza__MzaA | Gao_Mza__MzaA | Gao_Mza | Custom | 100 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaA under Gao_Mza.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Mza__MzaB | Gao_Mza__MzaB | Gao_Mza | Custom | 400 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaB under Gao_Mza.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Mza__MzaC | Gao_Mza__MzaC | Gao_Mza | Custom | 650 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaC under Gao_Mza.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Mza__MzaD | Gao_Mza__MzaD | Gao_Mza | Custom | 100 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaD under Gao_Mza.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Mza__MzaE | Gao_Mza__MzaE | Gao_Mza | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaE under Gao_Mza.

Gao-Mza loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Gao_Mza locus to Gao et al. antiviral cassette defense without asserting the unresolved MzaA, MzaB, MzaC, MzaD, or MzaE component activities.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Gao-Mza as a named DefenseFinder five-profile Gao-family system while leaving natural hosts, MzaA/MzaB/MzaC/MzaD/MzaE protein functions, phage triggers, and direct effector activity unresolved.

Edge evidence

Gao_Mza locus contributes to Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Gao_Mza to the Gao et al. systematic antiphage-system discovery paper and models it as a five-profile system requiring MzaA through MzaE.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_Mza | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Mza system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_Mza Gao_Mza 5 5 Gao_Mza__MzaA, Gao_Mza__MzaB, Gao_Mza__MzaC, Gao_Mza__MzaD, Gao_Mza__MzaE The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Mza as a five-profile system requiring the Gao_Mza__MzaA through Gao_Mza__MzaE profiles.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Mza__MzaA | Gao_Mza__MzaA | Gao_Mza | Custom | 100 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaA under Gao_Mza.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Mza__MzaB | Gao_Mza__MzaB | Gao_Mza | Custom | 400 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaB under Gao_Mza.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Mza__MzaC | Gao_Mza__MzaC | Gao_Mza | Custom | 650 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaC under Gao_Mza.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Mza__MzaD | Gao_Mza__MzaD | Gao_Mza | Custom | 100 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaD under Gao_Mza.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Mza__MzaE | Gao_Mza__MzaE | Gao_Mza | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Mza__MzaE under Gao_Mza.
Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense confers Gao-Mza system METPO:2007700
Gao_Mza-associated antiviral cassette defense realizes the Gao-Mza system trait.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
Gao-Mza system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Gao-Mza system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_Mza | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Mza system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_Mza Gao_Mza 5 5 Gao_Mza__MzaA, Gao_Mza__MzaB, Gao_Mza__MzaC, Gao_Mza__MzaD, Gao_Mza__MzaE The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Mza as a five-profile system requiring the Gao_Mza__MzaA through Gao_Mza__MzaE profiles.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (6)

Gao_Mza RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_Mza__MzaA RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Mza__MzaB RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Mza__MzaC RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Mza__MzaD RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Mza__MzaE RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Gao_Mza natural hosts, MzaA/MzaB/MzaC/MzaD/MzaE component functions, phage triggers, and effector activity before minting narrower Gao_Mza mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN gao-mza-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-22

Attached to causal_graphs#gao_mza_locus_restricts_phage

Gao et al. support widespread antiviral gene cassettes that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages, and DefenseFinder models Gao_Mza as a five-profile system. The exact natural host breadth, Mza component identities, phage trigger, and profile-to-activity mapping remain unresolved.

Curation history

2026-09-22T04:08:35Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Gao-Mza system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v232.