Gao-Qat system

traitmech:000359 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Gao_Qat locus represented by DefenseFinder as a four-profile model requiring Gao_Qat__QatA, Gao_Qat__QatB, Gao_Qat__QatC, and Gao_Qat__QatD.

Trait evidence (7)

PMID:32855333
By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages.

Gao et al. support a systematic defense-gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution campaign that discovered widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_Qat | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Qat system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Gao_Qat Gao_Qat 4 4 Gao_Qat__QatA, Gao_Qat__QatB, Gao_Qat__QatC, Gao_Qat__QatD

The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Qat as a four-profile system requiring the Gao_Qat__QatA through Gao_Qat__QatD profiles.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Qat__QatA | Gao_Qat__QatA | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatA under Gao_Qat.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Qat__QatB | Gao_Qat__QatB | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatB under Gao_Qat.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Qat__QatC | Gao_Qat__QatC | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatC under Gao_Qat.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_Qat__QatD | Gao_Qat__QatD | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatD under Gao_Qat.

Gao-Qat loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Gao_Qat locus to Gao et al. antiviral cassette defense without asserting the unresolved Qat component activities.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Gao-Qat as a named DefenseFinder four-profile Gao-family system while leaving natural hosts, QatA/QatB/QatC/QatD protein functions, phage triggers, and direct effector activity unresolved.

Edge evidence

Gao_Qat locus contributes to Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Gao_Qat to the Gao et al. systematic antiphage-system discovery paper and models it as a four-profile system requiring QatA through QatD.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_Qat | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Qat system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_Qat Gao_Qat 4 4 Gao_Qat__QatA, Gao_Qat__QatB, Gao_Qat__QatC, Gao_Qat__QatD The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Qat as a four-profile system requiring the Gao_Qat__QatA through Gao_Qat__QatD profiles.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Qat__QatA | Gao_Qat__QatA | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatA under Gao_Qat.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Qat__QatB | Gao_Qat__QatB | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatB under Gao_Qat.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Qat__QatC | Gao_Qat__QatC | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatC under Gao_Qat.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_Qat__QatD | Gao_Qat__QatD | Gao_Qat | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_Qat__QatD under Gao_Qat.
Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense confers Gao-Qat system METPO:2007700
Gao_Qat-associated antiviral cassette defense realizes the Gao-Qat system trait.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
Gao-Qat system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Gao-Qat system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_Qat | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_Qat system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_Qat Gao_Qat 4 4 Gao_Qat__QatA, Gao_Qat__QatB, Gao_Qat__QatC, Gao_Qat__QatD The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_Qat as a four-profile system requiring the Gao_Qat__QatA through Gao_Qat__QatD profiles.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (5)

Gao_Qat RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_Qat__QatA RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Qat__QatB RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Qat__QatC RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_Qat__QatD RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Gao_Qat natural hosts, Qat component functions, phage triggers, and effector activity before minting narrower Gao_Qat mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN gao-qat-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-22

Attached to causal_graphs#gao_qat_locus_restricts_phage

Gao et al. support widespread antiviral gene cassettes that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages, and DefenseFinder models Gao_Qat as a four-profile system. The exact natural host breadth, QatA/QatB/QatC/QatD component identities, phage trigger, and profile-to-activity mapping remain unresolved.

Curation history

2026-09-22T08:09:38Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Gao-Qat system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v236.