Gao-RL system

traitmech:000352 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A phage defense system in which an organism possesses a Gao_RL locus represented by DefenseFinder as a four-profile model requiring Gao_RL__RL_A, Gao_RL__RL_B, Gao_RL__RL_C, and Gao_RL__RL_D.

Trait evidence (7)

PMID:32855333
By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages.

Gao et al. support a systematic defense-gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution campaign that discovered widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_RL | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes

The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_RL system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv
Gao_RL Gao_RL 4 4 Gao_RL__RL_A, Gao_RL__RL_B, Gao_RL__RL_C, Gao_RL__RL_D

The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_RL as a four-profile system requiring RL_A through RL_D profiles.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_RL__RL_A | Gao_RL__RL_A | Gao_RL | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_A under Gao_RL.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_RL__RL_B | Gao_RL__RL_B | Gao_RL | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_B under Gao_RL.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_RL__RL_C | Gao_RL__RL_C | Gao_RL | Custom | 20 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_C under Gao_RL.
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
| Gao_RL__RL_D | Gao_RL__RL_D | Gao_RL | Custom | 100 |

The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_D under Gao_RL.

Gao-RL loci confer bacterial phage defense

Conservative system-level sketch linking possession of a Gao_RL locus to Gao et al. antiviral cassette defense without asserting the unresolved RL component activities.

NONMECHANISTIC · The graph captures Gao-RL as a named DefenseFinder four-profile Gao-family system while leaving natural hosts, RL_A/RL_B/RL_C/RL_D protein functions, phage triggers, and direct effector activity unresolved.

Edge evidence

Gao_RL locus contributes to Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense RO:0002326
DefenseFinder maps Gao_RL to the Gao et al. systematic antiphage-system discovery paper and models it as a four-profile system requiring RL_A through RL_D.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_RL | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_RL system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_RL Gao_RL 4 4 Gao_RL__RL_A, Gao_RL__RL_B, Gao_RL__RL_C, Gao_RL__RL_D The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_RL as a four-profile system requiring RL_A through RL_D profiles.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_RL__RL_A | Gao_RL__RL_A | Gao_RL | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_A under Gao_RL.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_RL__RL_B | Gao_RL__RL_B | Gao_RL | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_B under Gao_RL.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_RL__RL_C | Gao_RL__RL_C | Gao_RL | Custom | 20 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_C under Gao_RL.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md | Gao_RL__RL_D | Gao_RL__RL_D | Gao_RL | Custom | 100 | The DefenseFinder HMM inventory records Gao_RL__RL_D under Gao_RL.
Gao 2020 antiviral cassette defense confers Gao-RL system METPO:2007700
Gao_RL-associated antiviral cassette defense realizes the Gao-RL system trait.
- PMID:32855333 By systematic defense gene prediction and heterologous reconstitution, here we discover 29 widespread antiviral gene cassettes, collectively present in 32% of all sequenced bacterial and archaeal genomes, that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages. Gao et al. support bacteriophage protection by widespread antiviral gene cassettes.
Gao-RL system is a phage defense system rdfs:subClassOf
Gao-RL system possession is a phage-defense-system trait.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md Gao_RL | 10\.1126/science\.aba0372 | Diverse enzymatic activities mediate antiviral immunity in prokaryotes The DefenseFinder article registry maps the named Gao_RL system to the Gao et al. prokaryotic antiviral-immunity paper.
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/DefenseFinder_rules.tsv Gao_RL Gao_RL 4 4 Gao_RL__RL_A, Gao_RL__RL_B, Gao_RL__RL_C, Gao_RL__RL_D The DefenseFinder rules table models Gao_RL as a four-profile system requiring RL_A through RL_D profiles.

Provenance

Identifier source: TraitMech local identifier
Definition source: DOI:10.1126/science.aba0372

Parent traits (1)

phage defense system traitmech:000209

Synonyms (5)

Gao_RL RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/List_system_article.md
Gao_RL__RL_A RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_RL__RL_B RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_RL__RL_C RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md
Gao_RL__RL_D RELATED_SYNONYM · https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdmparis/defense-finder-models/afb0e5a8b466be53586b13266f5d38d98c3ac268/Liste_hmm_system.md

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (1)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve Gao_RL natural hosts, RL_A/RL_B/RL_C/RL_D component functions, phage triggers, and effector activity before minting narrower Gao_RL mechanism children.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN gao-rl-mechanism-gap · raised by codex · 2026-09-22

Attached to causal_graphs#gao_rl_locus_restricts_phage

Gao et al. support widespread antiviral gene cassettes that mediate protection against specific bacteriophages, and DefenseFinder models Gao_RL as a four-profile system. The exact natural host breadth, RL component identities, phage trigger, and profile-to-activity mapping remain unresolved.

Curation history

2026-09-22T01:39:05Z · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Minted Gao-RL system as a DOI-backed GENOMICS TraitRecord under phage defense system after an ignored-and-hidden duplicate review found no exact live TraitMech, METPO, history, or prior proposal record; the replacement placeholder is reserved in proposals/metpo_traitmech_v229.