fungal appressorium formation

Trait evidence (4)

• DOI:10.3390/jof5030072

  Here, we report on the ability of many saprotrophs from a large range of taxa to produce appressoria on cellophane.

  Demoor, Silar and Brun (2019), PMID:31382649, PMC6787622; scientific abstract retrieved as full-text XML. Introduction, Methods, Results and the broad-definition Discussion paragraph were read; actual Figures 2 and 6 and supplementary Table S1 were inspected. The authors explicitly include structures previously called appressorium-like under a broad penetration-structure usage, including unicellular and compound forms. The principal assay used mycelial implants on cellophane over M2 medium at 27 C, with observations after 3-15 days. It is not an in-host assay or a universal fungal prevalence estimate. Contact and growth reorientation without penetration were distinguished from appressoria. Negative results apply to the tested conditions, not to entire clades. Table S1 identifies strains but does not independently establish natural provenance for all of them; they are not added as canonical examples.

• DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002514

  an appressorium is already developing in Guy11 strain whereas no infection cell development occurs in an isogenic Δpmk1 mutant

  Soanes et al. (2012), PMID:22346750, PMC3276559; Results describing Figure 1B, not the Author Summary. Actual Figure 1 and the fungal-strain/growth Methods were inspected. Wild-type Guy11 and the deletion mutant were compared at four hours; the Guy11 series also includes 6, 8, 14 and 16 hours. The Methods describe plastic coverslips and 1,16-hexadecanediol, whereas the Results describing Figure 1A name a hydrophobic glass slide. This within-article surface discrepancy is unresolved; neither description is silently substituted for the other or treated as a universal surface requirement. Natural-isolate provenance is checked separately in the canonical-example note. The observed formation phenotype is not inferred from RNA expression. Neither these transcript profiles nor one deletion establish a universal protein-resolved mechanism across fungi. Other figures and transcript-data supplements were not inspected.

• DOI:10.1186/1741-7007-6-9

  blocking of the cell cycle did not prevent spore germination and appressoria formation.

  Nesher, Barhoom and Sharon (2008), PMID:18275611, PMC2276476; scientific abstract Results, read directly in full-text XML. The Methods name Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. aeschynomene 3.1.3 wild-type and transgenic strains; germination and onion-epidermis assays were read. This result separates formation from a universal mitosis requirement. It does not show unrestricted post-penetration growth under cell-cycle inhibition. Full result figures, natural strain provenance and current species-complex assignment were not inspected or resolved, so this is qualified evidence, not a canonical taxon assignment or a universal autophagy/cell-cycle claim.

• DOI:10.1111/nph.13931

  Here we identify an appressorium‐like structure, which we call an expressorium

  Becker et al. (2016), PMID:26991322, PMC5069595; the article's scientific Summary and the Results paragraph distinguishing intrinsecus/extrinsecus terminology were read directly in full-text XML. The internal structure enables Epichloe festucae to exit a leaf. The authors propose expressorium to distinguish it from an external appressorium, while noting an intrinsecus-appressorium convention. This is terminology-boundary evidence, not an asserted exact synonym or additional canonical example. Figures, movies, supplements and strain provenance were not inspected; no Nox mechanism or turgor measurement is inferred from this quotation.