chemotaxis

Edge evidence

• chemical gradient causes chemotaxis biolink:causes

  A chemical gradient drives the chemotaxis signaling response.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrm1524 Wadhams & Armitage review gradient-guided chemotaxis signaling.
• chemotaxis enables chemotaxis RO:0002327

  The chemotaxis signaling process realizes the trait.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2505 Porter et al. review chemotaxis signal processing.
• chemoreceptor (MCP) modulates CheA autophosphorylation RO:0002211

  Effector binding to chemoreceptors modulates CheA autophosphorylation activity.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 Upon effector binding to the receptor, the autophosphorylation activity of CheA is modulated by chemoreceptors.
• CheA histidine kinase phosphorylates CheY response regulator

  Phosphorylated CheA transfers phosphoryl groups to the response regulator CheY.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 When CheA is phosphorylated, it can activate its response regulators CheB and CheY via phosphoryl transfer.
• CheA histidine kinase phosphorylates CheB methylesterase

  Phosphorylated CheA transfers phosphoryl groups to the methylesterase CheB.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 When CheA is phosphorylated, it can activate its response regulators CheB and CheY via phosphoryl transfer.
• CheY response regulator induces clockwise flagellar rotation

  Phosphorylated CheY interacts with the flagellar motor to induce clockwise rotation.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 CheY-P interacts with the flagella to induce clockwise rotation.
• CheZ phosphatase dephosphorylates CheY response regulator

  CheZ phosphatase dephosphorylates CheY-P to maintain a stable signaling pool.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 The phosphatase CheZ dephosphorylates CheY to ensure a stable pool of CheY is available.
• CheR methyltransferase methylates chemoreceptor (MCP)

  CheR methylates chemoreceptors as part of the reversible adaptation system.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 CheB, along with CheR, constitutes an adaptation system that reversibly methylates receptors.
• CheB methylesterase demethylates chemoreceptor (MCP)

  CheB demethylates chemoreceptors as part of the reversible adaptation system.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 CheB, along with CheR, constitutes an adaptation system that reversibly methylates/demethylates receptors.
• CheW coupling protein scaffolds CheA histidine kinase

  CheW couples and scaffolds CheA with chemoreceptors in the core signaling unit baseplate.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-110850 The coupling protein CheW secures CheA; the baseplate consists of the chemoreceptor PIR, CheA, and CheW.