copper tolerant

Edge evidence

• copper(2+) ion challenges copper tolerant METPO:2007406

  Elevated cytoplasmic copper is the toxic challenge the trait counters.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00047 Cupriavidus metallidurans BS1 tolerates Cu(2+) to a MIC of 5 mM.
• copper efflux systems (cue/cus/pco/cop) enables copper ion transmembrane transport RO:0002327

  Cue/cus/pco/cop pumps drive ATPase-mediated copper export.

  • DOI:10.1007/s10565-013-9262-1 Review supports ATPase-driven efflux via cue/cus/pco/cop systems as the main copper detoxification mechanism.
• copper ion transmembrane transport mitigates copper(2+) ion METPO:2007407

  Copper export depletes the cytoplasmic copper pool.

  • DOI:10.1007/s10565-013-9262-1 Cytoplasmic copper detoxification is the basis of bacterial copper tolerance.
• copper(2+) ion causes ROS-mediated oxidative damage biolink:causes

  Excess intracellular copper drives Fenton-like reactions producing ROS that damage cellular macromolecules.

  • DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12091474 Cu(I) driving Fenton-like reactions causing damage to lipids, proteins and DNA and disrupting Fe-S clusters; defines why tolerance mechanisms matter.
• copper ion transmembrane transport mitigates ROS-mediated oxidative damage METPO:2007407

  P1B-type ATPase copper efflux lowers cytoplasmic copper, reducing copper-driven oxidative toxicity.

  • DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12091474 Primary defense is active efflux via P1B-1 (P-type) ATPases; in Gram-negatives CopA pumps cytoplasmic Cu(I) to the periplasm, decreasing cytoplasmic copper toxicity.
• periplasmic multicopper oxidase (CueO-type) enables Cu(I) to Cu(II) oxidation RO:0002327

  CueO-type periplasmic multicopper oxidase catalyzes oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II) in the presence of oxygen.

  • DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12091474 CueO oxidizes Cu(I) to less-toxic Cu(II) in oxygen; generalized periplasmic detox mechanism (aerobic context).
• Cu(I) to Cu(II) oxidation mitigates copper(2+) ion METPO:2007407

  Oxidation of Cu(I) to less-toxic Cu(II) lowers the reactive copper burden in the periplasm.

  • DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12091474 Oxidation of Cu(I) to less-toxic Cu(II) reduces reactive-copper toxicity and ROS-mediated membrane damage.