ENVIRONMENT (122)

A salinity phenotype with numerical limits expressing the breadth (maximum minus minimum) of NaCl concentrations supporting growth of an organism.

A NaCl delta phenotype with a growth-supporting NaCl breadth above approximately 8% (w/v), characteristic of extreme-euryhaline organisms.

A NaCl delta phenotype with a narrow growth-supporting NaCl breadth of at most approximately 1% (w/v), characteristic of stenohaline organisms.

A NaCl delta phenotype with a growth-supporting NaCl breadth of approximately 1–3% (w/v), characteristic of organisms with modest salinity tolerance breadth.

A NaCl delta phenotype with a growth-supporting NaCl breadth of approximately 3–8% (w/v), characteristic of organisms with broad salinity tolerance.

A salinity phenotype with numerical limits that supports the most efficient growth and reproduction of an organism.

A NaCl optimum phenotype with the best-growth NaCl concentration above approximately 8% (w/v), corresponding to extreme-halophile physiology.

A NaCl optimum phenotype with the best-growth NaCl concentration at or below approximately 1% (w/v), corresponding to non-halophilic or halotolerant physiology.

A NaCl optimum phenotype with the best-growth NaCl concentration approximately between 1 and 3% (w/v), corresponding to slight-halophile or halotolerant physiology.

A NaCl optimum phenotype with the best-growth NaCl concentration approximately between 3 and 8% (w/v), corresponding to moderate-halophile or halotolerant physiology.

A salinity phenotype with numerical limits that bounds the minimum and maximum NaCl concentrations supporting growth of an organism.

A NaCl range phenotype in which the growth-supporting NaCl range extends above approximately 8% (w/v), characteristic of extreme-halophile organisms.

A NaCl range phenotype in which the upper bound of growth-supporting NaCl concentration is at or below approximately 1% (w/v), characteristic of non-halophilic or halotolerant organisms.

A NaCl range phenotype in which the growth-supporting NaCl range spans approximately 1–3% (w/v), characteristic of slight-halophilic or halotolerant organisms.

A NaCl range phenotype in which the growth-supporting NaCl range spans approximately 3–8% (w/v), characteristic of moderate-halophile organisms.

An environmental tolerance in which an organism survives high doses of ultraviolet radiation, typically via photoreactivation and nucleotide-excision repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and 6-4 photoproducts.

A pH growth preference in which an organism grows optimally at pH values below 5.

A pH growth preference characterized by the ability to tolerate acidic environments (typically pH below 5.5) while maintaining optimal growth near neutral pH.

An oxygen preference in which growth occurs in the presence of molecular oxygen (O₂), typically using O₂ as the terminal electron acceptor.

An oxygen preference that does not use O₂ for growth but tolerates its presence.

A pH growth preference in which an organism grows optimally at pH values above 9.

A pH growth preference in which an organism can tolerate alkaline pH but grows optimally at neutral pH.

An oxygen preference in which growth occurs in the absence of molecular oxygen (O₂).

A metalloid tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of elevated arsenic (arsenite/arsenate) concentrations, typically via the ars operon, whose ArsB pump extrudes arsenite from the cytoplasm.

A metal tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of elevated cadmium (Cd2+) concentrations, typically via cation-efflux resistance systems such as the czc determinant.

A phenotype describing an organism that requires elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide for growth.

A metal tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of elevated cobalt (Co2+) concentrations, typically via cation-efflux resistance systems such as the czc and cnr determinants.

A metal tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of elevated copper (Cu2+/Cu+) concentrations, typically via the cue, cus, pco, and cop systems and ATPase-driven cytoplasmic copper efflux.

A phenotype characterized by the difference between maximum and minimum values of a growth parameter.

An environmental tolerance in which an organism survives extreme water loss and resumes growth after rehydration (anhydrobiosis), protecting cellular macromolecules during drying.

A halophily preference in which an organism can tolerate a wide range of salinity conditions.

A temperature preference that grows optimally at temperatures above 90°C.

A halophily preference in which an organism requires very high salt concentrations (typically 15-30% NaCl or higher) for optimal growth and cannot grow at salt concentrations below approximately 12%.

An oxygen preference that describes a microorganism that can grow with or without molecular oxygen.

A temperature preference characterized by the ability to grow at low temperatures (typically below 20 degrees C) while maintaining optimal growth at moderate temperatures.

A pH growth preference characterized by optimal growth in acidic environments (pH below 5.5) with the capacity to also grow at near-neutral pH values.

An oxygen preference in which growth can occur without oxygen but is capable of aerobic growth.

A pH growth preference in which an organism can grow at alkaline pH but does not require it.

An oxygen preference in which growth can occur with or without molecular oxygen (O₂).

A phenotype characterized by the span of values within which an organism can maintain growth.

A halophily preference in which an organism requires both high salt concentrations and alkaline pH for optimal growth.

A halophily preference in which an organism requires high concentrations of salt for growth and survival.

A phenotype that is relating to an organism's salt concentration requirements or tolerance for growth.

A halophily preference in which an organism can tolerate high salt concentrations but does not require them for growth.

A temperature preference in which growth is favored at very high temperatures, typically ≥80 °C.

An environmental tolerance in which an organism survives high doses of ionizing radiation (e.g. gamma rays), typically via efficient repair of DNA double-strand breaks and protection of the proteome from oxidative damage.

A metal tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of toxic inorganic or organic mercury compounds, typically via the mer operon, whose mercuric reductase (MerA) reduces reactive Hg(II) to volatile Hg(0).

A temperature preference in which growth is favored at intermediate temperatures, typically ~20–45 °C.

An environmental tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of elevated concentrations of toxic heavy-metal or metalloid ions, typically via efflux-based resistance determinants (RND-family CBA pumps, P-type ATPases, and cation diffusion facilitators).

An oxygen preference that requires molecular oxygen (O₂) at concentrations lower than atmospheric.

An oxygen preference that tolerates low levels of molecular oxygen (O₂) without requiring it.

A halophily preference where growth and proliferation requires high levels of sodium chloride, usually above or about 0.2 M.

A pH growth preference characterized by optimal growth at near-neutral pH values, typically between pH 6.5 and 7.5.

A halophily preference in which an organism does not require or prefer elevated salt concentrations for growth.

A pH growth preference characterized by the requirement for acidic environments (pH below 5.5) for growth, with inability to grow at neutral or alkaline pH values.

An oxygen preference that requires molecular oxygen (O₂) for growth.

An alkaliphilic phenotype in which an organism requires alkaline conditions (typically pH above 8.5) for growth and cannot grow at neutral or acidic pH.

An oxygen preference in which molecular oxygen (O₂) inhibits or prevents growth.

A pressure growth preference in which an organism requires elevated hydrostatic pressure for growth and is unable to grow at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa).

A phenotype characterized by the value at which an organism exhibits maximum growth rate or activity.

A phenotype that is relating to an organism's oxygen requirements or tolerance for growth.

A pH phenotype with numerical limits expressing the breadth (maximum minus minimum) of external pH supporting growth of an organism.

A pH delta phenotype with a growth-supporting pH breadth of approximately 5–9 pH units, characteristic of euryphilic pH-tolerance physiology.

A pH delta phenotype with a growth-supporting pH breadth of approximately 1–2 pH units, characteristic of organisms with limited pH-tolerance breadth.

A pH delta phenotype with a growth-supporting pH breadth of approximately 2–3 pH units, characteristic of organisms with moderate pH-tolerance breadth.

A pH delta phenotype with a growth-supporting pH breadth of approximately 3–4 pH units, characteristic of organisms with broad pH-tolerance breadth.

A pH delta phenotype with a growth-supporting pH breadth of approximately 4–5 pH units, characteristic of organisms with wide pH-tolerance breadth.

A pH delta phenotype with a very narrow growth-supporting pH breadth of at most approximately 1 pH unit, characteristic of stenotopic pH-sensitive physiology.

A phenotype that describes how the rate and extent of population growth are affected by environmental pH.

A pH phenotype with numerical limits that represents the external pH conditions at which an organism exhibits the most efficient growth and reproduction.

A pH optimum phenotype with the best-growth external pH above approximately 8, corresponding to alkaliphilic or extreme-alkaliphilic physiology.

A pH optimum phenotype with the best-growth external pH at or below approximately 6, corresponding to acidophilic or extreme-acidophilic physiology.

A pH optimum phenotype with the best-growth external pH between approximately 6 and 7, corresponding to neutrophilic physiology.

A pH optimum phenotype with the best-growth external pH between approximately 7 and 8, corresponding to neutrophilic or moderately alkaliphilic physiology.

A phenotype characterized by specific pH values or ranges that define growth or activity limits.

A pH phenotype with numerical limits that bounds the minimum and maximum external pH supporting growth of an organism.

A pH range phenotype in which the growth-supporting external pH range spans approximately 10–14, characteristic of extreme-alkaliphile physiology.

A pH range phenotype in which the growth-supporting external pH range spans approximately 4–6, characteristic of acidophilic physiology.

A pH range phenotype in which the growth-supporting external pH range spans approximately 6–7, characteristic of neutrophilic physiology.

A pH range phenotype in which the growth-supporting external pH range spans approximately 7–8, characteristic of neutrophile or mild-alkaliphile physiology.

A pH range phenotype in which the growth-supporting external pH range spans approximately 8–10, characteristic of alkaliphile physiology.

A pH range phenotype in which growth extends to external pH at or below approximately 4, characteristic of extreme-acidophile physiology.

An environmental growth preference in which an organism grows optimally at hydrostatic pressures substantially above atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), characteristic of deep-sea and deep-subsurface microorganisms.

A pressure growth preference in which an organism can grow under elevated hydrostatic pressure but grows at similar or faster rates at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa).

A pressure phenotype with numerical limits expressing the breadth (maximum minus minimum) of hydrostatic pressure supporting growth of an organism.

A pressure phenotype with numerical limits giving the hydrostatic pressure at which an organism grows fastest.

A pressure phenotype with numerical limits that bounds the minimum and maximum hydrostatic pressures supporting growth of an organism.

A temperature preference in which growth is favored at low temperatures, typically near or below ~15 °C.

A temperature preference in which growth can occur at low temperatures without an obligate low-temperature preference.

An environmental tolerance in which an organism survives doses of ionizing and/or ultraviolet radiation that are lethal to most microorganisms, typically via efficient DNA repair and oxidative-damage protection.

A phenotype characterized by specific salt concentration values or ranges that define growth or activity limits.

A halophily preference in which an organism requires low to moderate salt concentrations (0.3 to 0.8 M NaCl) for optimal growth.

A halophily preference in which an organism can only tolerate a narrow range of salinity concentrations and cannot survive significant changes in environmental salt levels.

An obligately anaerobic oxygen preference in which a microorganism does not grow in the presence of oxygen gas (O₂).

A temperature phenotype with numerical limits expressing the breadth (maximum minus minimum, in °C) of ambient temperatures supporting growth of an organism.

A temperature delta phenotype with a growth-supporting temperature breadth above approximately 30 °C, characteristic of extreme-eurythermal physiology.

A temperature delta phenotype with a growth-supporting temperature breadth of approximately 5–10 °C, characteristic of organisms with limited thermal-tolerance breadth.

A temperature delta phenotype with a growth-supporting temperature breadth of approximately 10–20 °C, characteristic of organisms with moderate thermal-tolerance breadth.

A temperature delta phenotype with a growth-supporting temperature breadth of approximately 20–30 °C, characteristic of organisms with broad thermal-tolerance breadth.

A temperature delta phenotype with a growth-supporting temperature breadth of approximately 1–5 °C, characteristic of stenothermal physiology.

A temperature phenotype with numerical limits that represents the ambient-temperature conditions at which an organism exhibits the most efficient growth and reproduction.

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature above approximately 40 °C, characteristic of thermophilic physiology.

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature between approximately 10 and 22 °C, characteristic of psychrophilic or psychrotolerant physiology.

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature between approximately 22 and 27 °C, characteristic of mesophilic physiology.

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature between approximately 27 and 30 °C, characteristic of mesophilic physiology.

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature between approximately 30 and 34 °C, characteristic of mesophilic physiology.

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature between approximately 34 and 40 °C, characteristic of warm-mesophilic physiology (including many mammalian host-associated bacteria).

A temperature optimum phenotype with the best-growth ambient temperature at or below approximately 10 °C, characteristic of psychrophilic physiology.

A phenotype characterized by specific temperature values or ranges that define growth or activity limits.

A phenotype that describes characteristic growth with respect to environmental temperature.

A temperature phenotype with numerical limits that bounds the minimum and maximum ambient temperatures supporting growth of an organism.

A temperature range phenotype in which the growth-supporting ambient temperature range extends above approximately 40 °C, characteristic of thermophilic physiology.

A temperature range phenotype in which the growth-supporting ambient temperature range spans approximately 10–22 °C, characteristic of psychrophilic or psychrotolerant physiology.

A temperature range phenotype in which the growth-supporting ambient temperature range spans approximately 22–27 °C, characteristic of mesophilic physiology.

A temperature range phenotype in which the growth-supporting ambient temperature range spans approximately 27–30 °C, characteristic of mesophilic physiology.

A temperature range phenotype in which the growth-supporting ambient temperature range spans approximately 30–34 °C, characteristic of mesophilic physiology.

A temperature range phenotype in which the growth-supporting ambient temperature range spans approximately 34–40 °C, characteristic of warm-mesophilic physiology (including many mammalian host-associated bacteria).

A temperature range phenotype in which growth extends to ambient temperatures at or below approximately 10 °C, characteristic of psychrophilic growth ranges.

A temperature preference in which growth is favored at elevated temperatures, typically ≥45 °C.

A temperature preference in which growth can occur at elevated temperatures without an obligate high-temperature preference.

An environmental growth preference in which an organism grows at low water activity (low aw), such as in desiccated, high-sugar, or high-solute substrates.

A metal tolerance in which an organism grows in the presence of elevated zinc (Zn2+) concentrations, typically via cation-efflux resistance systems such as the czc determinant.