temperature optimum mid1

Edge evidence

• lower-mesophilic environment engages mesophile membrane and enzyme adaptation

  Lower-mesophilic environments engage moderate adaptation programs.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103612 more unsaturated fatty acids Supports moderate-temperature membrane homeoviscous adaptation.
• mesophile membrane and enzyme adaptation produces temperature optimum mid1 METPO:2000202

  Mesophile adaptation yields a 22–27 °C optimum.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103612 more unsaturated fatty acids Supports the 22–27 °C optimum as the lower-mesophile outcome.
• temperature optimum mid1 is a temperature optimum rdfs:subClassOf

  Temperature optimum mid1 is a quantitative bin of the temperature-optimum phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1016/s0300-9629(97)00003-0 adapted to environments of high temperature Supports the 22–27 °C optimum as a value within the temperature-optimum distribution.
• mesophile membrane and enzyme adaptation increases abundance of unsaturated fatty acids

  Mesophile membrane adaptation increases unsaturated fatty acid content.

  • DOI:10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4 The Des desaturase inserts double bonds in membrane fatty acids, fluidizing the membrane.
• unsaturated fatty acids increases membrane fluidity RO:0002213

  Unsaturated fatty acids fluidize the membrane.

  • DOI:10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4 Inserting double bonds into membrane fatty acids fluidizes the membrane and reverses the cold signal.
• membrane fluidity is sensed as input to homeoviscous adaptation

  Membrane physical state/fluidity is the sensed input driving homeoviscous adaptation.

  • DOI:10.1039/d4cc03114h HVA, a universal paradigm; initial step involves membrane stress sensing with membrane fluidity as a proposed sensed parameter.
• homeoviscous adaptation remodels toward increased low-melting membrane lipids

  Homeoviscous adaptation increases low-melting membrane lipids.

  • DOI:10.1039/d4cc03114h Adaptive changes include increasing low-melting lipids: MUFAs, PUFAs, branched and short-chain fatty acids.
• branched-chain amino acids serve as precursors for branched-chain fatty acids

  BCAAs are biosynthetic precursors of iso/anteiso branched membrane fatty acids.

  • DOI:10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4 Branched (iso/anteiso) FAs derive from branched-chain amino acid precursors (valine, leucine, isoleucine).
• branched-chain fatty acids increases membrane fluidity RO:0002213

  Branched-chain (anteiso) fatty acids fluidize the membrane during cold adaptation.

  • DOI:10.1007/s42770-023-01057-4 Membrane fluidization via chain branching is a predominant longer-term cold adaptation mechanism.