halophily preference

Edge evidence

• environmental salinity regulates halophily preference RO:0002211

  Salt concentration determines whether growth requires, tolerates, or avoids salinity.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuy009 life at high salt concentrations Review frames halophily as microbial life under high salt concentration.
• environmental salinity causes osmotic stress biolink:causes

  Salinity changes impose osmotic stress on cells.

  • DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00598.x overcome salt stress Review describes bacterial mechanisms for salt-stress responses.
• osmotic stress regulates water flux across cytoplasmic membrane RO:0002211

  Osmotic imbalance drives water movement across the cytoplasmic membrane.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01934-12 balance the osmotic gradient across their cytoplasmic membrane Supports osmotic-gradient balancing as central to microbial osmotic stress.
• potassium ion contributes to osmotic stress RO:0002326

  Potassium accumulation is an early response to osmotic upshift in many bacteria.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01934-12 initially importing substantial amounts of potassium ions Supports K+ uptake as an emergency osmotic-stress response.
• compatible-solute transport imports compatible solutes METPO:2000208

  Transport systems import compatible solutes that relieve osmotic stress.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.030 biosynthesis and/or uptake of compatible solutes Review supports uptake and biosynthesis of compatible solutes in bacterial high-salinity responses.
• compatible solutes mitigates osmotic stress METPO:2007407

  Compatible solutes maintain turgor and protect macromolecular function under salt stress.

  • DOI:10.1186/1746-1448-1-5 balance external osmotic pressure Review supports compatible solutes as osmolytes for osmotic balance.
• osmotic stress induces Na+/H+ antiporter

  Osmotic stress drives sodium exclusion via Na+/H+ antiporters.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 Sodium ions are expelled from the cytoplasm, usually with the help of Na+/H+ antiporters (review, broad across haloarchaea).
• proton electrochemical gradient regulates Na+/H+ antiporter RO:0002211

  The proton electrochemical gradient drives Na+/H+ antiporter activity.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 Na+/H+ antiporter uses the electrochemical proton gradient as a driving force.
• Na+/H+ antiporter exports sodium ion METPO:2000209

  Na+/H+ antiporter expels cytoplasmic sodium to relieve salt stress.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 Sodium is excluded from the cytoplasm with the help of an Na+/H+ antiporter.
• environmental salinity regulates acidified proteome RO:0002211

  High salinity favors a proteome with increased surface acidic residues.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 Microorganisms employing the salt-in strategy exhibit an acidified proteome essential for protein solubility under hypersaline conditions.
• acidified proteome promotes protein solubility in hypersaline conditions RO:0002213

  Surface acidic residues coordinate hydrated cations and keep proteins soluble in hypersaline cytoplasm.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 The high number of negative surface charges coordinates a network of hydrated cations and keeps the protein in solution.
• osmotic stress regulates mechanosensitive channels RO:0002211

  Osmotic downshock activates mechanosensitive channels that act as safety valves.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 Msc channels serve as safety valves, allowing rapid release of ions and organic solutes during sudden downward osmotic shocks (broad across halophiles).
• mechanosensitive channels enables rapid solute efflux RO:0002327

  Mechanosensitive channels mediate rapid efflux of ions and organic solutes during osmotic downshock.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12081738 Mechanosensitive channels allow the rapid release of ions and organic solutes in case of sudden downward osmotic shocks.