moderately halophilic

Edge evidence

• elevated NaCl causes osmotic stress biolink:causes

  Moderate NaCl elevation imposes osmotic stress that must be balanced for growth.

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0168818 cope with high salinities Halomonas elongata osmoregulation study supports high salinity as the stressor.
• ectoine mitigates osmotic stress METPO:2007407

  Ectoine accumulation helps cells maintain osmotic balance at moderate salinity.

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0168818 synthesizes ectoine as its major compatible solute Supports ectoine as a compatible-solute mechanism in halophilic bacteria.
• glycine betaine mitigates osmotic stress METPO:2007407

  Glycine betaine uptake can contribute to bacterial osmoprotection.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuy009 glycine betaine uptake Review supports glycine betaine transport as an osmoadaptation route.
• ectoine enables moderately halophilic RO:0002327

  Compatible-solute accumulation supports growth at elevated NaCl.

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0168818 allows microorganisms to cope with high salinities Supports compatible solutes as contributors to moderate halophily.
• elevated NaCl selects for moderately halophilic METPO:2007401

  Moderate halophiles grow best under elevated salinity.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuy009 Moderately halophilic bacteria Review identifies moderate halophiles as models for bacterial osmotic adaptation.
• osmotic stress induces compatible solute accumulation

  Osmotic stress under elevated NaCl induces accumulation of organic compatible solutes.

  • DOI:10.1128/mmbr.62.2.504-544.1998 Ventosa et al. 1998: organic compatible solutes (glycine betaine, ectoine, hydroxyectoine, amino acids) predominate in moderate halophiles.
• EctD (ectoine hydroxylase) converts hydroxyectoine

  Ectoine hydroxylase EctD converts ectoine to hydroxyectoine, a generic ectoine-pathway step across halophiles.

  • DOI:10.1186/s12934-021-01567-6 Liu et al. 2021: EctD is the ectoine hydroxylase converting ectoine to hydroxyectoine.
• BCCT transporters imports glycine betaine METPO:2000208

  BCCT-family carriers (BetT, BetP, OpuD) import compatible solutes such as glycine betaine.

  • DOI:10.58088/07hg-r941 Lichty 2024: BCCT carriers (e.g., BetT, BetP, OpuD) import osmoprotectants.
• TeaABC TRAP transporter imports hydroxyectoine METPO:2000208

  TeaABC TRAP transporter imports ectoine and hydroxyectoine for osmoadaptation.

  • DOI:10.58088/07hg-r941 Lichty 2024: TRAP systems (e.g., TeaABC) import ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine.
• TeaABC TRAP transporter imports ectoine METPO:2000208

  TeaABC TRAP transporter imports ectoine for osmoadaptation.

  • DOI:10.58088/07hg-r941 Lichty 2024: TRAP systems (e.g., TeaABC) import ectoine and 5-hydroxyectoine.
• salt-out (compatible-solute) strategy predominates in moderately halophilic

  The salt-out / compatible-solute strategy predominates among moderate halophiles.

  • DOI:10.3389/frmbi.2023.1329925 Ionescu et al. 2024: 'salt-out' is more common among moderate halophiles and relies on accumulation of small organic compounds.