square shaped

Edge evidence

• planar envelope growth enables right-angle growth geometry RO:0002327

  Planar envelope growth in two axes supports rectangular geometry.

  • DOI:10.1099/ijs.0.65431-0 flat square or disc-shaped cells Supports planar growth as the cellular basis for flat square cells.
• S-layer constraints causes right-angle growth geometry biolink:causes

  The paracrystalline S-layer constrains envelope geometry toward right angles.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 cell shape is genetically determined Supports envelope architectural constraints (e.g., S-layer) as shape determinants.
• right-angle growth geometry manifests as square shaped METPO:2007400

  Right-angle planar geometry manifests the square-shaped trait.

  • DOI:10.1099/ijs.0.65431-0 square or disc-shaped cells Supports the trait endpoint.
• archaeal S-layer defines cell shape METPO:2007500

  The archaeal S-layer is a primary structural determinant of cell shape.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01215-8 S-layers are known to fulfil roles in defining the cell-shape, providing mechanical stability and functioning as molecular sieves.
• archaeal S-layer provides mechanical stability

  The archaeal S-layer provides mechanical stability to the cell envelope.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01215-8 S-layers are known to fulfil roles in defining the cell-shape, providing mechanical stability and functioning as molecular sieves.
• cytoskeletal control of local growth and division axis gives rise to square shaped

  Precise cytoskeleton- and S-layer-guided control of local growth and division axis gives rise to flat geometric (square/triangular) archaeal shapes.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01215-8 These cell shapes arise as the result of precise cellular control of local growth and the axis of division under the guidance of cytoskeletal filaments and an overlying coat of glycosylated proteins, also termed the S-layer.
• S-layer proteins causes when lost cell shape and size defect

  Loss of S-layer proteins causes profound defects in cell shape and size, evidencing the S-layer causal role in archaeal morphology.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-022-01215-8 S-layer proteins were recently found to be dispensable for S.islandicus viability, but cells lacking these proteins exhibited profound defects in cell shape and size.