triangular shaped

Edge evidence

• planar envelope growth enables polygonal geometry RO:0002327

  Planar envelope growth allows flat polygonal cell forms.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093703 archaeal cell shape Supports planar growth as the basis for flat archaeal cells.
• S-layer constraints causes polygonal geometry biolink:causes

  S-layer geometry constrains the cell into angular polygonal forms.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 cell shape is genetically determined Supports envelope-architecture constraints (e.g., S-layer) as shape determinants.
• polygonal geometry manifests as triangular shaped METPO:2007400

  Angular polygonal geometry manifests the triangular-shaped trait.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-090816-093703 archaeal cell shape Supports the trait endpoint in triangular halophilic archaea.
• S-layer constraints determines polygonal geometry

  The S-layer is the determining factor for the polygonal (angular) cell shape.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.766527 Cryo-ET shows "the S-layer is the determining factor for their polygonal cell shape"; generic S-layer-driven polygonal envelope mechanism.
• rigid S-layer sheets confers rigidity to polygonal geometry

  Very rigid, protein-bridge-cross-linked S-layer sheets confer mechanical rigidity that stabilizes the angular polygonal morphology.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.766527 "these S-layer sheets are very rigid" and a "dense net of protein bridges... establishes the observed rigidity"; structural stabilization of angular morphology.
• polygonal geometry shapes outer membrane

  The outer membrane conforms to (follows) the polygonal cell shape imposed by the envelope.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.766527 "the outer membrane followed the polygonal cell shape"; outer membrane is a participant conforming to polygonal geometry.
• polygonal geometry does not shape peptidoglycan layer

  The peptidoglycan layer does not adopt the polygonal cell shape, bounding the mechanism to S-layer and outer membrane.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.766527 "the S-layer and outer membrane, but not the peptidoglycan layer and the cytoplasmic membrane, exhibited the polygonal shape"; negative boundary edge.