diplococcus shaped

Edge evidence

• septal peptidoglycan synthesis forms septal cross wall biolink:produces

  Septal wall synthesis forms the cross-wall between daughter cells.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2021.04.041 peptidoglycan assembly during the cell cycle Supports septal PG assembly during ovococcal division.
• PcsB hydrolase system splits septal cross wall

  Cell separation requires splitting the septal cross-wall.

  • DOI:10.1038/ncomms4842 splitting of the septal cross wall Supports PcsB-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase function in cell separation.
• septal cross wall incomplete separation yields daughter-cell pair

  Incomplete or regulated separation of septal cross-wall material yields attached cell pairs.

  • DOI:10.1128/JB.183.10.3108-3116.2001 short chains with few or no free diplococci Supports the relationship between pneumococcal separation state and diplococcus occurrence.
• daughter-cell pair manifests as diplococcus shaped METPO:2007400

  Attached daughter-cell pairs manifest the diplococcus-shaped trait.

  • DOI:10.1038/ncomms4842 daughter cells during bacterial cell division Supports paired morphology as an outcome of daughter-cell separation dynamics.
• septal peptidoglycan hydrolase mediates septum cleavage

  A dedicated peptidoglycan hydrolase mediates septum cleavage between daughter cells.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-023-04808-z Minimisation of cell chain size relies on a peptidoglycan hydrolase dedicated to septum cleavage (conserved separation-autolysin mechanism).
• septum cleavage enables daughter cell separation RO:0002327

  Cleavage of the septal cross-wall enables resolution of daughter cells, favoring diplococci/short chains over long chains.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-023-04808-z Septum cleavage is the proximate process producing paired cells rather than long chains.
• septal localization of separation hydrolase enables daughter cell separation RO:0002327

  Restricting the separation autolysin to the septum enables correct daughter-cell separation geometry.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-023-04808-z Restricted septal localization of the autolysin confines its lethal activity to its site of action, enabling separation; mislocalization yields chaining.
• wall teichoic acid promotes septal localization of separation hydrolase RO:0002213

  Wall teichoic acid serves as a recognition determinant that promotes septal localization/binding of the separation hydrolase.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112756 Separation-hydrolase binding is reduced in WTA-deficient cells but preserved in LTA-deficient cells; WTA acts as an envelope-polymer address for the autolysin.
• LytR/LCP teichoic acid ligase produces wall teichoic acid METPO:2000202

  LytR/LCP-family ligase mediates the final step of wall teichoic acid formation and anchoring to peptidoglycan.

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001990 LytR is the major enzyme mediating the final step in WTA formation, anchoring the TA precursor to PGN.
• daughter cell separation incomplete separation yields daughter-cell pair

  Incomplete daughter-cell separation retains attached cell pairs.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-023-04808-z Loss of septum-cleaving hydrolase activity shifts cells from separated/paired toward long chains; regulated separation yields paired cells.