dumbbell shaped

Edge evidence

• midcell constriction produces dumbbell intermediate METPO:2000202

  Strong midcell constriction creates a two-lobe pre-division morphology.

  • DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00298.x snapping cell division Supports midcell constriction as the proximate event preceding dumbbell intermediates.
• snapping division stabilizes dumbbell intermediate

  Snapping/V-form division preserves linkage between daughter cells.

  • DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00298.x snapping cell division Supports snapping division as the mechanism stabilizing post-division dumbbells.
• dumbbell intermediate manifests as dumbbell shaped METPO:2007400

  The dumbbell intermediate manifests the dumbbell-shaped trait.

  • DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00298.x snapping cell division Supports the trait endpoint.
• septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis enables daughter cell separation RO:0002327

  Timed, localized septal PG hydrolysis enables daughter-cell separation / V-snapping.

  • DOI:10.1073/pnas.2214599119 Daughter cell separation requires precisely timed and localized peptidoglycan hydrolysis at the septal junction.
• septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis combined with mechanical snapping separation

  Septal PG cleavage while outer AG/MA layers remain continuous leads to mechanical snapping separation.

  • DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00028-07 Overlying envelope layers (AG, mycolic acids) remain continuous across the septum; separation occurs by rupture of these outer layers, an uneven mechanical snap.
• outer envelope layer continuity promotes mechanical snapping separation RO:0002213

  Continuity of outer envelope layers forces a final mechanical rupture (snap) to complete separation.

  • DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00028-07 Continuity/intertwining of AG and mycolate outer layers forces a final mechanical rupture.
• mechanical snapping separation produces V-shaped attached daughters METPO:2000202

  Uneven rupture of intertwined outer envelope layers produces V-shaped attached daughters.

  • DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00028-07 Uneven rupturing produces the V-shape; snapping division produces angular daughter arrangements.
• septal peptidoglycan hydrolases (RipA/RpfB) mediates septal peptidoglycan hydrolysis

  Septal PG hydrolases (RipA, RpfB) cleave the septum to separate daughter cells.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro3299 RipA and RpfB cleave the septum to separate the daughter cells.
• polar growth from nascent septum aggravates mechanical snapping separation

  Polar growth from the nascent septum can aggravate rupture/snapping of outer layers.

  • DOI:10.1128/mmbr.00028-07 Polar growth from the nascent septum can aggravate rupture; relevant to transient two-bulb dumbbell form before full snap.