extreme hyperthermophilic

Edge evidence

• very high temperature selects for extreme hyperthermophilic METPO:2007401

  Very-high-temperature habitats select for extreme hyperthermophily.

  • DOI:10.1007/s007920050010 It grew at between 90 degrees C and 113 degrees C Supports growth above 90 °C in extreme hyperthermophiles.
• archaeal tetraether membrane lipids protects against very high temperature

  Archaeal tetraether lipids form heat-resistant membranes that protect against very-high-temperature membrane stress.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103612 membrane lipid composition Membrane-adaptation review supports membrane lipid composition as the primary tunable mechanism for thermal adaptation; in hyperthermophilic archaea this is realized via tetraether (GDGT) monolayer membranes.
• hyperthermostable proteins enables hyperthermophile bioenergetics RO:0002327

  Hyperthermostable proteins enable continued energy conservation at very high temperature.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.65.1.1-43.2001 resistant to irreversible inactivation at high temperatures Supports protein hyperthermostability as a hyperthermophile feature.
• hyperthermophile bioenergetics enables extreme hyperthermophilic RO:0002327

  Heat-adapted bioenergetics supports growth at extreme hyperthermophilic temperatures.

  • DOI:10.1016/s0300-9629(97)00003-0 energy transducing enzymes Supports temperature-adapted energy transduction as the basis of thermophile and hyperthermophile growth.
• reverse gyrase introduces positive supercoils into DNA positive supercoiling

  Reverse gyrase introduces positive supercoils into DNA in hyperthermophiles.

  • DOI:10.1264/jsme2.me23087 reverse gyrase... introduces positive supercoils into DNA (review-supported mechanistic edge).
• DNA positive supercoiling decreases risk of DNA thermal denaturation

  Positive DNA supercoiling decreases the risk of thermal denaturation of DNA.

  • DOI:10.1264/jsme2.me23087 reverse gyrase prevents the thermal denaturation of DNA by introducing positive DNA supercoiling (widely accepted in review literature).
• reverse gyrase protects thermally damaged DNA

  Reverse gyrase has heat-protective DNA chaperone activity that reduces thermal DNA damage, independent of supercoiling.

  • DOI:10.1093/nar/gkh683 Reverse gyrase has heat-protective DNA chaperone activity, reducing double-stranded DNA breakage ~8-fold at 90 C (strong experimental support).
• archaeal tetraether membrane lipids maintains membrane integrity at high temperature

  Archaeal ether/tetraether lipids maintain membrane integrity at high temperature.

  • DOI:10.1186/2046-0481-57-6-348 archaeal membranes contain tetraethers and diethers, enabling cells to withstand membrane-destroying temperatures (broad classic mechanism).
• GrsA/GrsB GDGT cyclization enzymes increases membrane integrity at high temperature RO:0002213

  GrsA/GrsB cyclization of GDGTs increases membrane packing and stability at high temperature.

  • DOI:10.1007/s00792-023-01330-2 cyclized GDGTs (introduced by GrsA/GrsB) increase membrane packing and stability (strong mechanistic membrane edge).