microaerophilic

Edge evidence

• microoxic environment enables microaerophilic RO:0002327

  Microaerophiles grow optimally in microoxic conditions.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2970 microaerophiles grow optimally under microoxic conditions Nature Reviews Microbiology analysis defines the microoxic context.
• high-affinity terminal oxidase enables use of molecular oxygen

  High-affinity terminal oxidases enable respiration at scarce oxygen concentrations.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2970 harvest O2 present at low, even nanomolar, concentrations Supports the low-oxygen respiratory role of high-affinity oxidases.
• high-affinity terminal oxidase contributes to microaerophilic RO:0002326

  High-affinity terminal oxidases are mechanistic contributors to microaerophilic growth.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2970 provide microaerobes with access to scarce supplies of O2 Supports terminal oxidases as causal entities for low-oxygen growth.
• cytochrome cbb3 oxidase has function high-affinity terminal oxidase RO:0000085

  The cbb3 oxidase is an example high-affinity oxidase for microaerobic metabolism.

  • DOI:10.1042/BST0300653 characterized by its high oxygen affinity Supports cbb3 oxidase as a high-affinity oxygen-reducing enzyme.
• cytochrome cbb3 oxidase enables respiration under low oxygen RO:0002327

  cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidases are common in microaerophilic Proteobacteria and enable respiration under low O2.

  • DOI:10.3390/ijms24076428 cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidases are common in microaerophilic Proteobacteria.
• cytochrome bd ubiquinol oxidase enables respiration under low oxygen RO:0002327

  Cytochrome bd quinol oxidases are widespread in low-oxygen-adapted organisms and enable respiration under low O2.

  • DOI:10.3390/ijms24076428 bd-type quinol oxidases are widespread in bacteria and archaea that live under low-oxygen conditions.
• branched respiratory chain enables adaptation to fluctuating oxygen RO:0002327

  Branched respiratory chains enable microbes to adapt to fluctuating oxygen.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1468929 Branched respiratory chains enable microbes to adapt to fluctuating oxygen.
• catalase (KatA) detoxifies hydrogen peroxide

  Catalase prevents hydrogen peroxide accumulation.

  • DOI:10.3390/pathogens13100842 katA encodes catalase that prevents H2O2 accumulation.
• superoxide dismutase (SodB) protects against reactive oxygen species

  Superoxide dismutase protects against reactive oxygen species.

  • DOI:10.3390/pathogens13100842 sodB encodes superoxide dismutase (SOD); it protects against ROS.
• alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) scavenges hydrogen peroxide

  AhpC is the predominant hydrogen peroxide scavenger at low oxygen.

  • DOI:10.1186/s12866-024-03201-y AhpC is considered the predominant H2O2 scavenger at low oxygen.