flask shaped

Edge evidence

• unipolar peptidoglycan growth regulates polar neck extension RO:0002211

  Unipolar PG growth extends one pole into a narrower neck.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 polar growth Supports unipolar growth as the mechanism for asymmetric pole extension.
• polar neck extension combines with bulbous body

  A narrow polar neck adjoining a wider body yields flask geometry.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 cell shape is genetically determined Supports asymmetric growth as a genetically determined shape program.
• bulbous body manifests as flask shaped METPO:2007400

  The combined neck+body geometry manifests flask morphology.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 polar growth Supports the trait endpoint via asymmetric polar growth.
• zonal polar peptidoglycan synthesis produces polar envelope outgrowth METPO:2000202

  Polarized cell-wall insertion is a general mechanism producing asymmetric bulb-plus-neck outgrowths.

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002565 Caulobacter prostheca arises from zonal growth at the pole; general mechanism for asymmetric morphologies.
• position of polar PG growth zone regulates appendage position and shape RO:0002211

  Moving the localized growth zone changes where neck-like extensions form.

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002565 Asticcacaulis prosthecate variants result from repositioning growth zones to subpolar/bilateral sites.
• bactofilin-M23 endopeptidase module regulates cell wall biosynthesis RO:0002211

  Conserved scaffold/hydrolase module promotes local changes in the mode of cell wall biosynthesis underlying complex shapes.

  • DOI:10.7554/elife.86577.2 Bactofilins and M23 peptidases form a conserved functional module that promotes local changes in cell wall biosynthesis.
• bactofilin cytoskeleton regulates asymmetric compartment growth RO:0002211

  Bactofilin scaffold constrains polar compartment growth; its loss causes unconstrained asymmetric outgrowth.

  • DOI:10.7554/elife.86577.2 Loss of bactofilins causes unconstrained growth of the stalk and bud compartments.