animal pathogen

Edge evidence

• metazoan-adapted virulence factors enables animal tissue colonization RO:0002327

  Metazoan-adapted virulence factors enable adhesion and invasion of animal tissues.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162938 virulence factors Supports virulence factors as enablers of animal tissue colonization.
• immune evasion enables animal tissue colonization RO:0002327

  Immune evasion supports sustained colonization despite host defenses.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1592 secretion systems Supports effector-delivery-based immune evasion in animal pathogens.
• animal tissue colonization causes animal disease biolink:causes

  Established colonization in animal tissues causes disease.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162938 virulence factors Supports colonization-to-disease progression in animal hosts.
• animal disease manifests as animal pathogen METPO:2007400

  Animal disease manifests the animal-pathogen trait.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.62.081307.162938 virulence factors Supports the trait endpoint.
• bacterial adhesins enables attachment to host cells and mucosa RO:0002327

  Bacterial adhesins enable attachment to host cells, extracellular matrix, and mucosa.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuae019 Expression of bacterial surface adhesins is critical for adherence to host tissues; common colonization mechanism across body sites.
• attachment to host cells and mucosa enables animal tissue colonization RO:0002327

  Attachment to host surfaces initiates colonization of metazoan barrier sites.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuae019 Colonization of metazoan barrier sites commonly begins with adhesion to host surfaces.
• complement-regulator-binding surface proteins mediates complement evasion

  Surface proteins binding host complement regulators (factor H, C4BP) mediate complement evasion.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuae019 Surface proteins in diverse bacterial pathogens bind fH and C4BP to mediate evasion of complement proteins.
• complement evasion enables immune evasion RO:0002327

  Complement evasion contributes to overall evasion of host immunity.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuae019 Complement evasion is a major determinant shaping immune resistance in animal pathogens.
• type III secretion system enables effector delivery into host-cell cytoplasm RO:0002327

  T3SS injectisomes deliver effector proteins directly into the host-cell cytoplasm.

  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.02224-23 T3SSs form syringe-like structures allowing effector proteins to be delivered from bacteria into the host-cell cytoplasm.
• effector delivery into host-cell cytoplasm enables immune evasion RO:0002327

  T3SS effector delivery modulates host cells and supports immune evasion.

  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.02224-23 Effector delivery into host cytoplasm is a canonical virulence mechanism subverting host defenses.
• type IV secretion system enables effector/toxin translocation into target cells RO:0002327

  T4SS nanomachines translocate protein effectors or toxins into target cells.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41579-023-00974-3 Many T4SSs have acquired functionalities relating to translocation of effector proteins or toxins, supporting host-pathogen interactions.
• effector/toxin translocation into target cells enables animal tissue colonization RO:0002327

  T4SS effector/toxin translocation supports host-pathogen interactions and colonization.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41579-023-00974-3 T4SSs are versatile nanomachines central to host-pathogen interactions.
• low-iron host environment enables siderophore biosynthesis gene expression RO:0002327

  Low iron derepresses Fur, enabling siderophore biosynthesis gene expression.

  • DOI:10.1039/d4cb00175c When iron decreases, Fur releases Fe2+ allowing siderophore biosynthesis gene expression.
• TonB-dependent transporters enables siderophore-Fe3+ complex import RO:0002327

  TonB-dependent transporters import siderophore-Fe3+ complexes into the periplasm.

  • DOI:10.1039/d4cb00175c Siderophore-Fe3+ complexes are imported via TonB-dependent transporters into the periplasm.
• siderophore-Fe3+ complex import enables animal tissue colonization RO:0002327

  Iron acquisition via siderophore uptake supports growth in iron-restricted host tissues.

  • DOI:10.1039/d4cb00175c Iron scavenging uptake is central to nutrient acquisition in host environments.