sporulation

Edge evidence

• nutrient limitation activates Spo0A phosphorelay RO:0002213

  Starvation and stress signals feed into Spo0A activation.

  • DOI:10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00141-7 steps that lead to activation of Spo0A Supports Spo0A activation as the initiation control point for sporulation.
• Spo0A phosphorelay initiates asymmetric septation

  Spo0A-dependent transcription initiates the morphological program that includes asymmetric septation.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.297 activation of these sigma factors to landmark events in morphogenesis Supports regulatory linkage between Spo0A/sigma activation and sporulation morphogenesis.
• asymmetric septation establishes compartment-specific sigma factors

  Asymmetric septation establishes mother-cell and forespore compartments with distinct sigma-factor programs.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.67.4.526-560.2003 Compartmentalization of Gene Expression Supports compartment-specific gene expression during spore formation.
• compartment-specific sigma factors regulates forespore maturation RO:0002211

  Sequential sigma-factor activity drives forespore development.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.67.4.526-560.2003 forespore- and mother cell-specific transcription factors Supports sigma-factor cascades as drivers of compartmental development.
• forespore maturation has output endospore RO:0002234

  Forespore maturation produces a dormant endospore.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.297 within which a spore is produced Supports the developmental endpoint of sporulation.
• endospore manifests as sporulation METPO:2007400

  Endospore production manifests the sporulation phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2921 production of a highly resistant dormant cell type known as the spore Supports endospore production as the trait outcome.
• asymmetric septation has output mother cell and forespore RO:0002234

  Asymmetric division produces distinct mother-cell and forespore compartments.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 via an asymmetric division into a forespore and mother cell (central defining morphogenesis edge).
• SpoIIIE mediates chromosome translocation

  SpoIIIE translocates the chromosome into the forespore after asymmetric septation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 recruitment of SpoIIIE for chromosome translocation.
• forespore engulfment creates cell-within-a-cell state biolink:produces

  Engulfment of the forespore by the mother cell creates a cell-within-a-cell state.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 forespore engulfment, creating a cell-within-a-cell state.
• sigma F activates sigma E RO:0002213

  Forespore sigma F drives activation of mother-cell sigma E.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107905 SigF activated first in the forespore; SigE activation in the mother cell depends on SigF.
• sigma G drives spore DNA protection

  Late forespore sigma G drives spore DNA protection during maturation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 sigma G drives spore maturation and spore DNA protection via Ssp proteins.
• sigma K controls spore coat and cortex RO:0002211

  Mother-cell sigma K controls spore coat and cortex maturation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 mother-cell sigma K controls spore coat and cortex maturation.
• spore coat and cortex confers heat and chemical resistance

  Deposition of cortex, coat and exosporium confers heat and chemical resistance.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-024-06521-x deposition of cortex, coat and exosporium (conferring heat and chemical resistance).
• chromosome translocation precedes forespore engulfment

  Chromosome translocation after asymmetric division precedes completion of forespore engulfment.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 After asymmetric division and chromosome translocation, genes in σF and σE regulons drive metabolic and morphological changes to the cell which conclude in forespore engulfment Verified against the open Europe PMC full text.
• cell-within-a-cell state contributes to forespore maturation RO:0002326

  The engulfed cell-within-a-cell state permits activation of the late forespore program responsible for maturation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 This is required for activation of the late sporulation spore specific sigma factor σG responsible for spore maturation, spore DNA protection via Ssp proteins and preparation for germination In the source, 'This' immediately follows the cell-within-a-cell state created by forespore engulfment.
• sigma F part of compartment-specific sigma factors biolink:part_of

  Sigma F is one of the compartment-specific sporulation factors.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 compartment specific RNA polymerase sigma factors – σF and σE – responsible for further activation of sporulation genes in the forespore and mother cell respectively Verified against the open Europe PMC full text.
• sigma G positively regulates forespore maturation RO:0002213

  Late forespore sigma G drives the spore-maturation program.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 the late sporulation spore specific sigma factor σG responsible for spore maturation, spore DNA protection via Ssp proteins and preparation for germination Verified against the open Europe PMC full text.
• sigma K contributes to forespore maturation RO:0002326

  Late mother-cell sigma K contributes coat and cortex maturation to the developing spore.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 Finally, the late mother cell σK activation, regulated by σG, results in spore coat and cortex maturation, preparation for germination and eventually, mother cell lysis Verified against the open Europe PMC full text.