sporulation

Edge evidence

• nutrient limitation activates Spo0A phosphorelay RO:0002213

  Starvation and stress signals feed into Spo0A activation.

  • DOI:10.1016/S1369-5274(00)00141-7 steps that lead to activation of Spo0A Supports Spo0A activation as the initiation control point for sporulation.
• Spo0A phosphorelay initiates asymmetric septation

  Spo0A-dependent transcription initiates the morphological program that includes asymmetric septation.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.297 activation of these sigma factors to landmark events in morphogenesis Supports regulatory linkage between Spo0A/sigma activation and sporulation morphogenesis.
• asymmetric septation establishes compartment-specific sigma factors

  Asymmetric septation establishes mother-cell and forespore compartments with distinct sigma-factor programs.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.67.4.526-560.2003 Compartmentalization of Gene Expression Supports compartment-specific gene expression during spore formation.
• compartment-specific sigma factors regulates forespore maturation RO:0002211

  Sequential sigma-factor activity drives forespore development.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.67.4.526-560.2003 forespore- and mother cell-specific transcription factors Supports sigma-factor cascades as drivers of compartmental development.
• forespore maturation produces endospore METPO:2000202

  Forespore maturation produces a dormant endospore.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.297 within which a spore is produced Supports the developmental endpoint of sporulation.
• endospore manifests as sporulation METPO:2007400

  Endospore production manifests the sporulation phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2921 production of a highly resistant dormant cell type known as the spore Supports endospore production as the trait outcome.
• asymmetric septation produces mother cell and forespore METPO:2000202

  Asymmetric division produces distinct mother-cell and forespore compartments.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 via an asymmetric division into a forespore and mother cell (central defining morphogenesis edge).
• SpoIIIE mediates chromosome translocation

  SpoIIIE translocates the chromosome into the forespore after asymmetric septation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 recruitment of SpoIIIE for chromosome translocation.
• forespore engulfment creates cell-within-a-cell state biolink:produces

  Engulfment of the forespore by the mother cell creates a cell-within-a-cell state.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 forespore engulfment, creating a cell-within-a-cell state.
• sigma F activates sigma E RO:0002213

  Forespore sigma F drives activation of mother-cell sigma E.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107905 SigF activated first in the forespore; SigE activation in the mother cell depends on SigF.
• sigma G drives spore DNA protection

  Late forespore sigma G drives spore DNA protection during maturation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 sigma G drives spore maturation and spore DNA protection via Ssp proteins.
• sigma K controls spore coat and cortex RO:0002211

  Mother-cell sigma K controls spore coat and cortex maturation.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-51654-6 mother-cell sigma K controls spore coat and cortex maturation.
• spore coat and cortex confers heat and chemical resistance

  Deposition of cortex, coat and exosporium confers heat and chemical resistance.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-024-06521-x deposition of cortex, coat and exosporium (conferring heat and chemical resistance).