NaCl delta mid1

Edge evidence

• modest osmoadaptive flexibility produces NaCl delta mid1 METPO:2000202

  Modest osmoadaptive flexibility yields a 1–3% NaCl-delta breadth.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuy009 salinity range Supports modest osmoadaptive flexibility as the basis of an intermediate breadth.
• NaCl delta mid1 is a NaCl delta rdfs:subClassOf

  NaCl delta mid1 is a quantitative bin of the NaCl-delta phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuy009 salinity range Supports the 1–3% breadth as a value within the NaCl-delta distribution.
• osmotic upshift induces potassium import

  Hyperosmotic upshift triggers rapid K+ import to raise cytoplasmic osmolarity/turgor.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.00181-23 Bacterial cells commonly import a lot of potassium during an osmotic upshift (broad bacterial relevance).
• potassium import precedes/replaced by compatible solute accumulation

  Initial K+ accumulation is subsequently replaced by neutral compatible solutes to reduce ionic stress.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.00181-23 Cells begin accumulating/synthesizing neutral compatible solutes such as glycine betaine, trehalose, and other osmolytes to replace K+ ions.
• osmotic upshift induces compatible solute accumulation

  Osmoadaptation transitions from inorganic K+ accumulation to organic osmoprotectants.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02811 Cells initially accumulate potassium as an emergency stress reaction and subsequently replace most of this ion with compatible solutes.
• compatible solute accumulation supports osmoadaptation / growth under NaCl stress

  Organic osmolytes stabilize proteins/membranes and raise intracellular osmotic strength without salt-in toxicity.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuaf020 Bacteria commonly use compatible solutes - notably glycine betaine, proline, trehalose, ectoine and carnitine - to support osmoadaptation.
• ectoine biosynthesis (EctB/EctA/EctC) produces ectoine METPO:2000202

  The EctB/EctA/EctC pathway synthesizes the compatible solute ectoine.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02811 Ectoine biosynthesis is mediated by three enzymes (EctB, EctA, EctC).
• ectoine contributes to compatible solute accumulation RO:0002326

  Ectoine is one of the compatible solutes accumulated during osmoadaptation.

  • DOI:10.1093/femsre/fuaf020 Ectoine is among the compatible solutes bacteria commonly use for osmoprotection.
• cyclic di-AMP decreases potassium import RO:0002212

  Elevated c-di-AMP downregulates osmoregulatory K+ import.

  • DOI:10.1128/MMBR.00181-23 High cyclic di-AMP reduces K+ import (review-level regulatory edge).
• cyclic di-AMP controls compatible organic osmolyte influx and biosynthesis RO:0002211

  c-di-AMP regulates both the influx of compatible organic osmolytes and their biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.1128/JB.00190-24 c-di-AMP plays a key role by controlling (i) the influx of physiologically compatible organic osmolytes and (ii) the biosynthesis of such osmolytes.