anaerobic

Edge evidence

• anoxic or hypoxic condition enables anaerobic RO:0002327

  Anaerobic growth is favored in low-oxygen environments.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00583-y hypoxic environments in which these organisms dwell Review links anaerobe ecology to hypoxic environments.
• molecular oxygen inhibits anaerobic RO:0002212

  Oxygen exposure can block growth of anaerobic organisms.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00583-y oxygen blocks their growth Supports oxygen as an inhibitory factor for anaerobic growth.
• molecular oxygen generates stress via reactive oxygen species

  Oxygen exposure can lead to ROS-mediated stress in anaerobes.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00583-y molecular oxygen and ROS Review describes oxygen and ROS as linked stressors for anaerobes.
• reactive oxygen species damages oxygen-sensitive catalytic sites

  ROS can disrupt oxygen-sensitive radical or metal-center catalysis used in anaerobic metabolism.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41579-021-00583-y vulnerable to direct poisoning by molecular oxygen and ROS Supports ROS-sensitive catalytic sites as mechanistic vulnerability.
• antioxidant enzymes (Sod/Cat/peroxidases) detoxifies reactive oxygen species

  Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases remove ROS in anaerobes exposed to oxygen.

  • DOI:10.1038/s43705-023-00251-7 organisms use anti-oxidative enzymes - superoxide dismutase (Sod), catalase (Cat), and peroxidases - to detoxify ROS.
• antioxidant enzymes (Sod/Cat/peroxidases) enables ROS detoxification RO:0002327

  Antioxidant enzyme activity carries out the detoxification of reactive oxygen species.

  • DOI:10.1038/s43705-023-00251-7 Anti-oxidative enzymes (Sod/Cat/peroxidases) detoxify ROS, mediating ROS detoxification.
• ROS detoxification protects against reactive oxygen species

  ROS detoxification limits oxidative damage from oxygen-derived oxidants in anaerobes.

  • DOI:10.1038/s43705-023-00251-7 Detoxification system removes ROS produced when O2 is reduced, a broad protective mechanism.
• respiratory reductases enables utilization of alternative anaerobic electron acceptors

  Respiratory reductases let microbes use non-O2 molecules as energy-generating electron acceptors.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-023-01560-2 Respiratory reductases enable microbes to utilize molecules present in anaerobic ecosystems as energy-generating respiratory electron acceptors.
• alternative anaerobic electron acceptors enables anaerobic respiration RO:0002327

  Availability of non-O2 electron acceptors supports anaerobic respiration in low-oxygen niches.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-023-01560-2 Molecules in anaerobic ecosystems serve as respiratory electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration.
• anaerobic respiration enables anaerobic RO:0002327

  Use of alternative terminal electron acceptors supports growth without molecular oxygen.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41564-023-01560-2 Diverse gut bacteria use dietary- and host-derived metabolites for anaerobic respiration, enabling growth without O2.