pH delta mid2

Edge evidence

• broad pH-homeostasis flexibility produces pH delta mid2 METPO:2000202

  Broad pH-homeostasis flexibility yields a 3–4 pH-unit pH-delta breadth.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2549 pH homeostasis Supports broad pH-homeostasis flexibility as the basis of a broad breadth.
• pH delta mid2 is a pH delta rdfs:subClassOf

  pH delta mid2 is a quantitative bin of the pH-delta phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.005 proton motive force Supports the 3–4 unit breadth as a value within the pH-delta distribution.
• external pH stress alters PMF component balance

  External pH stress alters the balance/orientation of PMF components (delta-pH, delta-psi).

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2549 Relative magnitudes and even orientation of PMF components change with external pH; under strong pH stress a component can reverse orientation.
• proton-pumping respiratory complexes generates proton motive force generation biolink:produces

  Primary respiratory-chain proton pumps generate the proton motive force.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2549 Primary proton pumps (respiratory chain pumps) generate PMF; broad mechanism across bacteria.
• F1Fo-ATPase contributes to proton translocation for pH homeostasis RO:0002326

  Proton-coupled F1Fo-ATPase contributes to proton translocation supporting pH homeostasis.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2549 Proton-coupled ATPases are a primary strategy; F1-F0 ATPase proton pump is an active pH-homeostasis mechanism.
• Na+/H+ antiporter activity supports alkaline pH homeostasis

  Na+/H+ antiporter activity imports H+ and extrudes Na+ to support alkaline pH homeostasis.

  • DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2549 Cation/proton antiporters are transcriptionally up-regulated for inward proton transport under alkaline stress.
• glutamate decarboxylase system consumes intracellular H+ biolink:consumes

  The glutamate decarboxylase system consumes intracellular protons during decarboxylation.

  • DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12091474 Glutamate decarboxylase (GadB with its antiporter) is a proton-consuming acid-tolerance mechanism (GDAR), broadly curated in Gram-negatives.
• cytoplasmic buffering molecules buffers cytoplasmic pH buffering

  Small molecules (polyamines, amino acids, phosphate) passively buffer cytoplasmic pH.

  • DOI:10.3390/antibiotics12091474 Passive buffering of cytoplasmic pH is provided by small molecules (amino acids, proteins, polyamines, polyphosphate, inorganic phosphate).