fungal chlamydospore formation

Trait evidence (6)

• DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-20010-9

  Chlamydospores are enlarged thick-walled cells produced within hyphae or at hyphal tips

  Hernandez-Cervantes et al. (2020), PMID:33277479, PMC7718266, Introduction; this contiguous clause supplies morphological terminology, not independent experimental replication across all fungi. Abstract, Introduction and selected Methods were read directly. Mechanistic panels and supplementary strain tables were not inspected, so no universal Rme1 dependence or protein-resolved causal graph is asserted. The definition does not impose a survival function.

• DOI:10.1099/13500872-141-7-1507

  These organisms were germ-tube-positive and produced abundant chlamydospores which were frequently arranged in triplets or in contiguous pairs.

  Sullivan et al. (1995), PMID:7551019, original Candida dubliniensis description; scientific abstract retrieved directly from Europe PMC. These organisms refers to the recovered oral clinical isolates. This is primary phenotype and natural-isolate provenance at cohort level, not evidence that chlamydospores were observed in patient tissue. Full Methods and strain tables were not inspected; no named culture, universal arrangement or response of every strain is inferred.

• DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01697

  Both species produced typically high amounts of chlamydospores on rice and CM agar (chlamydospore index [CI] 3).

  Bottcher et al. (2016), PMID:27833594, PMC5081361, Figure 1 caption. Actual Figure 1 micrographs, Methods and Tables 1-2 were inspected. The strains are C. albicans SC5314 and C. dubliniensis Wu284, rendered with an umlaut in the source; CM means corn meal. Cultures were examined after seven days at 27 C in darkness. CI is an ordinal 0-3 score, not a cell percentage. Nutrient effects differ by strain and medium; no universal starvation or darkness requirement is inferred. Independent provenance of these laboratory strains was not checked, so they are not the canonical example.

• DOI:10.1111/j.1567-1364.2009.00533.x

  Mycelium-attached and purified chlamydospores rapidly lost their viability in water and when subjected to dry stress

  Citiulo et al. (2009), PMID:19538507, scientific abstract retrieved directly from Europe PMC and checked against publisher text. The complete result clause is quoted before the authors' interpretation about long-term storage. It argues against assuming durable dormancy for these Candida cells, not against survival roles in every fungus. The publisher Introduction and selected Methods were also read; the Introduction calls Candida budding blastic conidiogenesis and explains chlamydoconidia terminology. Formation is kept separate from subsequent germination and viability.

• https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/30277

  Cell walls of mature P. ramorum chlamydospores are thicker than reported for other Phytophthora species, although thin-walled chlamydospores are also formed.

  Smith and Hansen (2008), USDA proceedings report, pp. 451-454; directly retrieved repository abstract. The repository labels it Informally Refereed. NCBI Taxonomy confirms Phytophthora ramorum is an oomycete in Stramenopiles, not Fungi. This is terminology-boundary evidence, not a fungal observation: the fungal qualifier avoids silently including the report's thin-walled structures in a thick-walled fungal definition. Full report and figures were not inspected; no canonical oomycete or universal wall-thickness cutoff is asserted.

• DOI:10.1007/s10886-012-0171-1

  two species of Fusarium formed chlamydospores from hyphae, germ tubes, or inside the conidia within 2 days.

  Li et al. (2012), PMID:22932866, scientific abstract retrieved directly from Europe PMC. This result concerns sub-MIC FA17 fengycin treatment of two Fusarium species, not untreated formation in every fungus. It establishes a conidial route excluded by the initial hypha-only draft definition (#1772). The abstract separately calls structures in 17 other fungi chlamydospore-like; those are not promoted to equivalent phenotypes. Full Methods, figures and strain provenance were not inspected, so no additional canonical strain or causal chemical mapping is asserted.