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fungal internal mycorrhizal vesicle formation

traitmech:000670 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A morphological phenotype in which a fungus forms lipid-storage hyphal swellings, called internal vesicles, within plant tissue during arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization.

Trait evidence (3)

  • https://www.mycorrhizas.info/vam.html
    Vesicles are hyphal swellings in the root cortex that contain lipids and cytoplasm.

    Mark Brundrett, Mycorrhizal Associations, version 2 (2008), section C.5 and glossary F, directly read. This author resource supports terminology, not independent experimental replication. Its root-context definition is broadened here to plant tissue using Kobae et al.'s primary thallus observations. Internal vesicles may be within or between host cells. The glossary separately calls extraradical auxiliary bodies external vesicles; those are outside this qualified scope. The resource also notes variable similarity to spores. Its images were not inspected; historic genus-level statements are not universal taxonomic absence assertions.

  • DOI:10.1139/m75-258
    Mature vesicles were engorged with lipid droplets, possessed a trilaminate wall and were also enclosed by host wall material and cytoplasm.

    Kinden and Brown (1975), PMID:172206; directly retrieved scientific abstract from Europe PMC. Electron microscopy of yellow-poplar mycorrhizal roots supports intracellular vesicles and lipid accumulation. Full text and actual micrographs were not inspected; the abstract does not name the fungus, so no taxon is inferred from historical MeSH. Trilaminate walls are this observation, not a universal definition. Nutrient release after degeneration is the authors' hypothesis, not measured transfer.

  • DOI:10.3390/plants8060142
    C. etunicatum and R. intraradices formed vesicles at 25 days post-sowing (dps)

    Kobae et al. (2019), PMID:31151150, PMC6631804; Results 2.2 clause checked against the primary full-text XML and https://rakuno.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/6472/files/R-2020-321_kobae.pdf. Methods 3.1-3.3 and actual supplementary Figure S1 were inspected. The top two S1 panels separately label vesicles and arbuscules in young Marchantia paleacea thalli for MAFF520053 and MAFF520059, with 20-micrometer bars. WGA-HRP and DAB visualize fungal cell walls, not lipid chemistry. This is direct vesicle morphology, not an independent lipid assay or universal 25-day onset. The other panels' missing vesicle labels do not establish absence. The paper's DAOM197198 arbuscule-timing discrepancy concerns a separate culture and readout, not a resolved vesicle onset.

Provenance

Identifier source
TraitMech local identifier
Definition source
https://www.mycorrhizas.info/vam.html

Parent traits (1)

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Canonical examples (1)

Organisms cited as exemplars of this trait. Taxon ids are NCBITaxon and link out to the NCBI record.

  • Entrophospora etunicata NCBITaxon:937382 DOI:10.3390/plants8060142 MAFF520053 (H1-1), reported as Claroideoglomus etunicatum, forms vesicles in Marchantia paleacea thalli (Results 2.2; actual Figure S1). Methods 3.2 uses 1 g MAFF inoculum below approximately 100 gemmae per pot, at 26 C with 16 h light/day; Results reports 25 days post-sowing. The directly checked NARO collection record https://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases-micro_search_detail_en.php?maff=520053 lists soybean-field soil, Tokyo, October 1987 and H. Hirata as separate fields, and deposition as Glomus etunicatum. These are provenance, not a composite quote or independent trait evidence. NCBI Taxonomy resolves 937382 to Entrophospora etunicata with Claroideoglomus etunicatum as a homotypic synonym. Name correspondence is not reidentification. The directly read Table 1 and Results of DOI:10.1264/jsme2.ME25040 retain H1-1/520053; primer-dependent ASV resolution does not independently prove every culture's identity or a vesicle phenotype. Its figures and supplements were not inspected. The example is culture- and condition-qualified, not an assertion about all strains.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (2)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve the closer parent and vesicle-versus-spore terminology.

CURATION TODO OPEN fungal-internal-mycorrhizal-vesicle-scope · raised by codex · 2026-10-07

Not yet attached to a section of this record — a curator sets attaches_to (e.g. causal_graphs#some_edge) so the gap shows beside the mechanism it concerns.

Use active phenotype METPO:1000059 below quality METPO:1000188; mycorrhization METPO:1000198 is obsolete. Internal means within plant tissue, not necessarily within host cells and not free in host cytoplasm. Root-only scope excludes the direct thallus observations. Gas vesicles traitmech:000070, extracellular membrane vesicles and intracellular trafficking vesicles are not these hyphal swellings. Arbuscule formation traitmech:000664 is a different architecture. Brundrett's auxiliary-body usage motivates the internal qualifier; fine-endophyte vesicle-like swellings are not automatically equivalent. Fungal chlamydospore formation traitmech:000658 does not cover every storage swelling. Variable historical spore terminology remains unresolved; no universal disjointness, subclass relation, exact synonyms, xrefs or SSSOM equivalences are asserted.

Separate vesicle formation, storage and causal mechanisms.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN fungal-internal-mycorrhizal-vesicle-readouts · raised by codex · 2026-10-07

Not yet attached to a section of this record — a curator sets attaches_to (e.g. causal_graphs#some_edge) so the gap shows beside the mechanism it concerns.

Require a vesicle-specific morphological observation; pooled spores-and-vesicles or colonized-root-length percentages must not become vesicle counts or fungal-cell fractions. Neither these images nor the lipid-storage terminology establish universal lifespan, wall layers, infectivity, nutrient transfer, reciprocal benefit or developmental timing. Host signaling mutants and lipid-transfer assays are not fungal gene perturbations. A protein-resolved formation graph is deferred pending direct causal evidence and authority-verified fungal protein examples; it is not claimed biologically absent.

Curation history

  1. · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex

    Added fungal internal mycorrhizal vesicle formation with two primary DOI-backed sources, attributed terminology, three verbatim snippets and a culture-qualified example. Ignored-and-hidden novelty and main/worktree/complete-open-PR reservation checks support 000670 and v546 block 1062300-1062399. Kept thallus scope, storage versus formation readouts and mechanism limits explicit; existing records unchanged.

Recorded curation sessions

  • · codex
    • CREATE — Add source-qualified fungal internal mycorrhizal vesicle formation

      Minted traitmech:000670, PROPOSED MORPHOLOGY, and v546 block 1062300-1062399. Two primary DOI sources (10.1139/m75-258 and 10.3390/plants8060142), attributed Brundrett terminology and three verbatim snippets support plant-tissue vesicle formation. Direct S1 microscopy and separately verified NARO/NCBI provenance qualify MAFF520053 under NCBITaxon:937382; the 2025 identification study supplies provenance context, not trait evidence. Internal does not mean root-only, intercellular-only or membrane vesicles. No exact mappings or protein mechanism are asserted. Ignored/hidden searches cover all worktrees, current main, complete pending PR heads and CommunityMech; neighboring definitions were reviewed. Existing trait records remain unchanged. Initial writer dry run and 20 focused writer tests passed; broader gates pending.

    Read this curation session