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fungal adhesive-net trap formation

traitmech:000678 · CLASS · PROPOSED

A morphological phenotype in which a fungus forms three-dimensional networks of interconnected hyphal loops that serve as adhesive nematode traps.

Trait evidence (2)

  • DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002179
    A. oligospora forms adhesive networks to capture nematodes

    Yang et al. (2011), Author Summary, not the scientific abstract; primary XML at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3164635/fullTextXML. Introduction, trap-formation Results, strain/proteomics Methods, actual Figure 1 and relevant Text S1 supplemental Methods were inspected. Figure 1I shows connected hyphal loops; the paper describes complex three-dimensional networks. ATCC 24927 is the reference strain. Supplemental Methods distinguish nematode-extract induction on vegetative hyphae from subsequent live-nematode interaction assays. Formation, adhesion, capture, penetration and digestion are separate observations. No universal induction medium, prey species or capture efficacy is inferred. Proteomic correlations are not treated as a causal gene requirement.

  • DOI:10.3390/jof8070671
    Captures nematodes with adhesive networks.

    Zhang et al. (2022; published 26 June), Results 3.2 Taxonomy, Arthrobotrys eryuanensis description; primary XML at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC9317614/fullTextXML. Isolation/observation Methods, all six species descriptions and actual Figure 2 were inspected. Figure 2i shows the adhesive network, not time-resolved capture or adhesion kinetics. Holotype CGMCC3.19715 (Figure 2) and ex-type culture DLUCC 14-1 are distinguished by the authors. The material originated from freshwater sediment at Xihu Lake, Eryuan, Yunnan, China, collected 20 June 2014. Repeated spore transfers established pure cultures; corn meal agar observation at 26 degrees C with Panagrellus redivivus induced traps. These are study conditions, not universal requirements. The other newly described soil/sediment taxa provide context, not a universal genus-level phenotype assertion.

Provenance

Identifier source
TraitMech local identifier
Definition source
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002179

Parent traits (1)

kg-microbe context

No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.

Canonical examples (1)

Organisms cited as exemplars of this trait. Taxon ids are NCBITaxon and link out to the NCBI record.

  • Orbilia oligospora ATCC 24927 NCBITaxon:756982 DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002179 Source-named Arthrobotrys oligospora ATCC 24927. Yang et al. Methods identify the purchased ATCC strain as originally isolated from soil in Sweden. Live https://www.atcc.org/products/24927 independently confirms environmental soil origin and Sweden; it lists Arthrobotrys oligospora as the former name. Live NCBI https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/efetch.fcgi?db=taxonomy&id=756982 resolves rank strain with the exact label Orbilia oligospora ATCC 24927. This unperturbed natural-origin reference strain is qualified by the reported induction conditions, not every isolate or field biocontrol efficacy. The 2011 paper's O. auricolor teleomorph wording is not imported as a current taxonomic equivalence or synonym.

Discussions and Knowledge Gaps (2)

Open questions attached to this trait. Seeded by just knowledge-gap-scan and curated; see the corpus-wide index.

Resolve a closer fungal trap-morphology parent.

CURATION TODO RESOLVED adhesive-net-scope-and-parent · raised by codex · 2026-10-08

Not yet attached to a section of this record — a curator sets attaches_to (e.g. causal_graphs#some_edge) so the gap shows beside the mechanism it concerns.

Phenotype METPO:1000059 is a broad parent. Existing mycelial growth traitmech:000074 explicitly concerns bacteria; hyphal anastomosis traitmech:000605 concerns cytoplasmic fusion, not trap identity. A Hartig net is a plant-root interface, not a prey trap. Exclude generic mycelial networks, biofilms, standalone adhesive rings, knobs and columns, mechanically constricting rings, and individual-cell ring shape. Adhesive nets are multicellular loop networks; generic nematophagy or a fungal genus is not an exact synonym. Network formation does not alone demonstrate adhesion or successful capture under all conditions. No exact synonyms, xrefs, SSSOM equivalences or organism-level disjointness are asserted; closer hierarchy remains open.

Resolution: Added fungal nematode-trap formation traitmech:000718 as the direct broader phenotype. The existing child definition entails specialized hyphal trap differentiation. This resolves only the parent gap; the historical scope contrasts, unasserted mappings, examples and separate mechanism questions remain applicable. Formation does not guarantee immediate capture. The column cell-count question is separately OPEN. Preserve the historical phenotype axiom and add METPO:1063100 SubClassOf METPO:1067100 on upstream adoption.

Separate network morphogenesis from adhesion and predation mechanisms.

KNOWLEDGE GAP OPEN adhesive-net-mechanism · raised by codex · 2026-10-08

Not yet attached to a section of this record — a curator sets attaches_to (e.g. causal_graphs#some_edge) so the gap shows beside the mechanism it concerns.

The 2011 genomic/proteomic study contains mechanistic leads, but expression changes alone do not establish necessary or sufficient gene effects. Protein-resolved causal graphs require perturbation/complementation evidence, relevant remaining figures/supplements and taxon-paired accessions. Formation, adhesion, capture, penetration and digestion must remain separate endpoints. No universal lectin, signaling or fusion-gene requirement is asserted; mechanism is deferred, not claimed absent. Sequence annotation or taxonomic membership alone does not establish this phenotype.

Curation history

  1. · MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex

    Added fungal adhesive-net trap formation with two primary DOI sources, source-checked snippets and a natural-origin strain example. Ignored-and-hidden main/worktree/open-PR checks support 000678 and v554 block 1063100-1063199. Separated morphology from adhesion/capture and sequence-derived mechanism hypotheses; existing records unchanged. Corrected draft holotype/ex-type provenance before generation (#1825). Timestamp is observed UTC.

  2. · REFINE_FUNGAL_TRAP_PARENT · codex

    Refined traitmech:000678 below fungal nematode-trap formation traitmech:000718 and resolved its temporary parent discussion by definition-based inference. Preserved child identity, definition, evidence, examples, mechanism gaps and earlier history.

Recorded curation sessions

  • · codex
    • CREATE — Add evidence-backed fungal adhesive-net trap formation

      Created traitmech:000678 with Yang 2011 and Zhang 2022 primary DOI evidence and source-checked contiguous snippets. Author Summary versus scientific abstract and taxonomy section roles are explicit. Live NCBI strain 756982 and ATCC confirm natural-origin Orbilia oligospora ATCC 24927, historically Arthrobotrys, from Swedish soil. Corrected draft-only holotype CGMCC3.19715 versus ex-type DLUCC 14-1 conflation (#1825) before record generation, with regression coverage. Reserved v554 METPO1063100-1063199 after ignored/hidden full-worktree, CommunityMech and complete open-PR curation checks. Formation separated from adhesion/capture and gene-expression hypotheses; mechanism and closer hierarchy remain open. Guarded writer focused tests passed; broader checks and rendering follow. Existing records untouched.

    Read this curation session
  • · codex
    • EDIT — Refine fungal trap morphology parent

      Refined the direct parent to traitmech:000718 and resolved only the parent-gap discussion by definition-based inference; preserved child identity, definition, evidence, examples, other mechanism gaps and previous history.

    Read this curation session