fungal nematode-trap formation

Trait evidence (4)

• DOI:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101057

  Nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) can switch to pathogens by producing various trapping devices to capture nematodes.

  Ji et al. 2020, scientific Summary; PMID:32339992. Direct primary XML at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC7186526/fullTextXML and actual Figure 1 inspected. Introduction and Results group constricting rings, adhesive networks, columns and knobs as four representative devices, not an exhaustive taxonomy. Selected Transparent Methods and actual PDF pages 8, 11, 12, 15 and 16 were inspected; not every supplement figure or dataset. The main Introduction describes serial column cells while PDF 12 allows one or more; that narrower child-scope question remains open. Adhesion-gene expansion and expression correlations do not establish a universal molecular mechanism or sequence-only phenotype prediction. Native abstract verifier: VERIFIED.

• DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002179

  A. oligospora forms adhesive networks to capture nematodes

  Yang et al. 2011, Author Summary, not the scientific abstract; PMID:21909256. Direct primary XML at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC3164635/fullTextXML and actual Figure 1 inspected. Panel I shows interconnected loops; the caption distinguishes formation, attraction, adhesion, capture, penetration and digestion. These are separate endpoints, not automatic consequences of an observed shape. This parent curation did not renew the full Methods/supplement audit retained by the net child. The old teleomorph wording is not imported as a current taxonomic equivalence. Shares authors with Ji 2020, not independent-laboratory replication. Native verifier: NOT_IN_ABSTRACT; the Author Summary span matches directly.

• DOI:10.1038/s41467-023-43235-w

  CRs differentiate from hyphae and develop two basal stalk cells (S1 and S2) and three distal ring cells (R1, R2, and R3)

  Chen et al. 2023, Results, Morphogenesis and development of CR; PMID:37968349. CR means constricting ring. Primary XML at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC10651832/fullTextXML, relevant formation/inflation Methods and actual Figure 1 inspected. Strain 29 (CGMCC3.20198) forms morphologically complete rings before inflation competence; panels l/m contrast immature-ring escape with mature-ring capture. Water-agar induction with C. elegans, horse-serum formation and hot-water inflation are distinct assays, not universal requirements. Later protein-mechanism figures and supplements were not fully audited; the incomplete supplementary ZIP is not evidence. No universal SNARE dependency or natural-strain exemplar is inferred. Native verifier: NOT_IN_ABSTRACT; the Results span matches directly.

• DOI:10.1007/s102670200061

  A nonconstricting ring (arrow) is capturing a nematode (asterisk).

  Saikawa and Takahashi 2002, Figure 8 caption, page 418. All three pages and actual Figures 1-20 inspected at https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mycosci/43/5/43_MYC43417/_pdf. Figures 8-14 and 15-20 document nonconstricting rings in source-named Dactylella leptospora and Dactylaria candida; Figures 1-7 show the constricting comparator. Curved hyphal branches form the traps. The observations support inclusion of nonconstricting rings, not universal stalk lengths, culture conditions or adhesion proteins. Adhesive ultrastructure is attributed to earlier work, not newly imaged here. DOI/title reconciled against Crossref. Native verifier: UNRESOLVED with no result for that exact DOI query; the caption matches directly. This does not assert that the paper is unindexed everywhere.