behavioral habituation

Trait evidence (4)

• DOI:10.1098/rspb.2016.0446

  The Q and CAF slime moulds crossing a bridge containing quinine or caffeine for the sixth time showed reduced aversive behaviour.

  Boisseau et al. 2016, PMID:27122563, PMC4855389; page 4, Results (b), Test phase 1. Q and CAF denote cultured Physarum polycephalum plasmodia repeatedly exposed to quinine or caffeine bridges. Five daily exposures precede same/alternate-repellent tests; two plain-agar days precede retesting. Contact latency, crossing time and shape are different readouts. Caffeine does not show every quinine effect: initial crossing time was not slower than control, and recovery was incomplete. Residual aversiveness remains. Alternate-repellent responses support stimulus specificity, not universal exclusion of every confound. Main Methods, Results, Discussion and all five figures were inspected in a public publisher-formatted PDF bearing a 2016 download stamp, not verified as the current corrected VoR. Supplementary statistics and raw data were not assessed. The contiguous quote crosses PDF columns; direct text and visual checks agree. Native abstract lookup: NOT_IN_ABSTRACT.

• DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2025.05.071

  the response to the low force stimuli shows extensive habituation even though the response to the alternating high force stimuli does not.

  Rajan and Marshall 2025, PMID:40562036, PMC13499368; Figure 4F caption, concluding result clause in retained PMC author-manuscript HTML. Figure 4F is an experimental contraction response in cultured Stentor coeruleus, not the adjacent model panel. Preserved stronger-stimulus responses argue against general motor exhaustion. The caption describes identical control timing, while Methods describes one low-force control tap per minute versus alternating forces at one total tap per minute; exact cadence equivalence remains unresolved. Figure 4I uses intervening low-force stimulation, not a stimulus-free rest; Figure 5 separately tests recovery after training. Anchored healthy nondividing cells were selected from Ward's cultures; field-of-view denominators vary. Experimental Results, relevant Methods and actual Figures 4-7 were inspected. Receptor internalization is modeled, not an identified molecular mechanism. Supplements and simulations were not reanalyzed. Native abstract lookup: NOT_IN_ABSTRACT; the exact full-text caption match is a separate check.

• DOI:10.1016/j.cub.2026.03.080

  For cells treated with either cycloheximide or puromycin, the primary effect on learning was accelerating habituation (Figure 1C, 1E).

  Rajan et al. 2026, PMID:42025171, PMC13192338; Results S3, retained PMC author manuscript. Stentor contraction assays compare drug-treated and vehicle cultures under repeated mechanical stimulation. Figure 1C uses puromycin with two-hour pretreatment; Figure 1E describes 12-hour cycloheximide pretreatment, unlike general short-term Methods prose. Dose, stimulus strength and cadence differ; conditions are not interchangeable. Drug effects do not prove universally protein-synthesis-independent learning. Relevant Results and Methods and actual Figures 1, 3, 4 and 6 were inspected, not all omics analyses or supplements. RNAi and pharmacology retain off-target, anchoring, feeding and subculture limitations. SteCoe_6763 recovery differences were not significant. Figure 6 follows division during continuing stimuli, not retention after withdrawal. Results and Methods point to different supplementary electrical-control panels. This follow-up shares a laboratory with the 2025 study, not an independent replication. Native abstract lookup: NOT_IN_ABSTRACT; directly matched Results quote.

• DOI:10.1016/j.nlm.2008.09.012

  Habituation is defined as a behavioral response decrement that results from repeated stimulation and that does not involve sensory adaptation/sensory fatigue or motor fatigue.

  Rankin et al. 2009, PMID:18854219, PMC2754195; section 2, page 136 (PDF page 2), complete opening definition. This consensus review supports operational terminology, not a microbial experiment or independent replication. Its nervous-system framing is not imposed on non-neural microbes. The public institutional PDF was directly read and pages 2-4 visually inspected. PDF ligatures are expanded and whitespace folded for matching; no paraphrase is substituted. Partial recovery is allowed. Responding to a novel stimulus is not itself dishabituation, which restores the original response. The behavioral criteria are not a demonstrated common molecular mechanism. Source-qualified MED identity was checked; its absent commentCorrectionList is not exhaustive notice clearance.