anisogamy
traitmech:000620 · CLASS · PROPOSED
A sexual-reproduction phenotype in which the fusing gametes belong to two types that differ in size, with smaller male and larger female gametes.
Trait evidence
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DOI:10.1038/s42003-018-0019-5Male and female gametes differing in size—anisogamy—emerged independently from isogamous ancestors in various eukaryotic lineages
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DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-14-37Obligately anisogamous conjugation between male and female motile gametes occurred outside the female colony (external fertilization during anisogamy).
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DOI:10.1186/s12915-024-01878-1Oogamy constitutes a specialized form of anisogamy wherein small male gametes are motile and large female gametes are not
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DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0181413physiological and behavioural anisogamy of more or less equal size gametes, each with sex-specific behaviour and morphology
Provenance
- Identifier source
- TraitMech local identifier
- Definition source
DOI:10.1038/s42003-018-0019-5
Parent traits (1)
Children (1)
kg-microbe context
No kg-microbe node embedding matched this record in the 2026-04-25 deepwalk.
Canonical examples
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Colemanosphaera charkowiensis
NCBITaxon:51706DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-14-37
Discussions and Knowledge Gaps
Preserve broad size-dimorphism scope and distinguish motility conventions.
Use anisogamy in the broad size-dimorphism sense, including oogamy, as explicitly stated by Lindsey et al. (2024). Nozaki et al. (2014) instead distinguish anisogamy with flagellated female gametes from oogamy in their four-type classification. This is a terminology difference, not evidence that the phenotypes are disjoint. Motility of both gametes and external fertilization describe the canonical example, not universal requirements. The definition compares gamete types, not incidental size variation within a type, vegetative-versus-gamete size, or mating compatibility. Isogamy traitmech:000619, unisexual reproduction traitmech:000613 and fungal mating systems traitmech:000615 through traitmech:000618 describe distinct scopes. No numerical threshold or organism-level disjointness is asserted. Use phenotype METPO:1000059 pending a narrower reproductive-phenotype hierarchy; PHYSIOLOGY is a filesystem category. Oogamy traitmech:000621 now supplies the size-dimorphic child with large nonmotile female gametes. Its evidence explicitly preserves nonmotile male exceptions rather than imposing a universal motility convention. Verify lexical/external mappings and a narrower reproductive parent before adding them. Kaczmarska et al. (2017), DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0181413, also use physiological/behavioural anisogamy for approximately equal-sized gametes in diatoms. That usage is not equivalent to the size-based sense selected here: behavioural or physiological differences alone do not establish gamete-type size dimorphism. Do not map that usage as an exact synonym or infer organism-level disjointness; its relationship needs separate scope review.
Resolve size-control mechanisms and strain discrepancies before extension.
The observed gamete phenotype is not a literal MID locus, a sequence profile, an expanded mating-type region, or an expression signature. Comparative genomic associations and the proposed evolutionary role of MID do not justify causal edges for size dimorphism. Resolve native protein accessions and perturbation evidence before a causal graph; no NONMECHANISTIC graph bypasses this gap. Keep the 2018 Results/Methods strain mismatch unresolved until primary metadata reconciles it. Collection date conflicts do not invalidate the directly observed 2014 phenotype, but constrain strain-history claims. A collection's blank mutation field is not proof of an unmutated genome. Read remaining source material before quantitative or evolutionary extensions; preserve actual abstract-resolver verdicts separately from manual full-text checks.
Curation history
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MINTED_TRAITMECH_ID · codex
Added anisogamy with three DOI-backed sources and verbatim snippets, broad size-dimorphism scope, and a provenance-qualified canonical Colemanosphaera charkowiensis example. Ignored-and-hidden novelty and allocation searches found no exact record or collision. Reserved METPO:1057400 in v497 under phenotype. Retained motility conventions and strain discrepancies explicitly; deferred lexical mappings, a narrower parent and unproven causal mechanisms.
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QUALIFIED_TRAIT_SCOPE · codex
Addressed #1711 by citing directly inspected diatom terminology and distinguishing behavioural/physiological anisogamy from the selected size-based sense. Added a verbatim scope snippet and inspection limits; preserved definition, canonical example and unresolved mechanism/hierarchy questions.
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LINKED_NARROWER_TRAIT · codex
Replaced the future oogamy-child TODO with traitmech:000621 and its qualified motility scope. Preserved the broad size-based definition, evidence, canonical example, parent and remaining open mapping questions.