lactic acid fermentation

Edge evidence

• lactic acid fermentation participates in fermentation biolink:participates_in

  Lactic acid fermentation is a class of fermentation metabolism.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.703525 Energy-conservation review supports lactate as a fermentation end product.
• lactic acid fermentation produces lactate METPO:2007800

  Lactate is the characteristic end product of the pathway.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Classical-fermentation review describes the lactic-acid pathway.
• glucose is fermented via EMP/glycolysis pathway

  Homofermentative LAB ferment glucose mainly via the EMP/glycolysis pathway.

  • DOI:10.3390/fermentation10030168 homofermentative LAB rely mainly on glycolysis (EMP).
• EMP/glycolysis pathway has output pyruvate RO:0002234

  Glycolysis yields pyruvate as the intermediate reduced to lactate.

  • DOI:10.3390/foods12152850 Glycolysis of glucose generates pyruvate, which lactate dehydrogenase reduces to lactate.
• pyruvate is converted by lactate dehydrogenase

  Pyruvate is the substrate of lactate dehydrogenase.

  • DOI:10.3390/foods12152850 Lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvate to lactate.
• lactate dehydrogenase produces lactate METPO:2007800

  Lactate dehydrogenase reduces pyruvate to lactate.

  • DOI:10.3390/foods12152850 one mole of glucose produces two moles of lactic acid and two ATP molecules via LDH.
• phosphoketolase pathway yields lactate biolink:produces

  Heterofermentative phosphoketolase route yields lactate among its products.

  • DOI:10.3390/fermentation10030168 products are lactate, carbon dioxide, and either ethanol or acetate (phosphoketolase route).
• phosphoketolase pathway yields carbon dioxide biolink:produces

  Heterolactic phosphoketolase route co-produces CO2.

  • DOI:10.3390/fermentation10030168 heterolactic products are lactate, carbon dioxide, and ethanol or acetate.
• phosphoketolase pathway yields ethanol biolink:produces

  Heterolactic phosphoketolase route co-produces ethanol (or acetate).

  • DOI:10.3390/fermentation10030168 heterolactic products include ethanol or acetate.
• lactate causes decreased pH biolink:causes

  Accumulation of lactic acid acidifies the medium.

  • DOI:10.3390/fermentation10030168 acidification from lactic acid exerts antagonistic effects on microbes.
• decreased pH inhibits pathogenic/spoilage microbe RO:0002212

  Lactate-driven acidification inhibits spoilage and pathogenic microbes (biopreservation).

  • DOI:10.3390/fermentation10030168 higher lactic acid / lower pH increases inhibition of spoilage and pathogenic microbes.