propionic acid fermentation

Edge evidence

• propionic acid fermentation participates in fermentation biolink:participates_in

  Propionic acid fermentation is a class of fermentation metabolism.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2021.703525 Energy-conservation review supports propionate formation as a redox-balancing fermentation route.
• propionic acid fermentation produces propionate METPO:2000202

  Propionate is the characteristic end product of the pathway.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Classical-fermentation review describes propionic acid fermentation via the Wood-Werkman pathway in propionibacteria.
• propionic acid fermentation has major pathway Wood-Werkman cycle

  The Wood-Werkman methylmalonyl-CoA cycle is the predominant propionate-forming route.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Wood-Werkman cycle described as the predominant propionate-forming route in Propionibacterium and Acidipropionibacterium.
• pyruvate causally upstream of oxaloacetate

  Pyruvate is carboxylated to oxaloacetate in a biotin-dependent reaction.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Pyruvate is carboxylated to oxaloacetate by methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase in a biotin-dependent reaction.
• biotin cofactor for methylmalonyl-CoA carboxytransferase

  The transcarboxylation step is biotin-dependent.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 The transcarboxylation converting pyruvate to oxaloacetate is explicitly described as biotin-dependent.
• oxaloacetate causally upstream of malate

  Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate in the reductive branch.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Oxaloacetate is reduced to malate in the reductive branch leading toward succinate.
• malate causally upstream of fumarate

  Malate is dehydrated to fumarate.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Malate is dehydrated to fumarate in the Wood-Werkman route.
• fumarate causally upstream of succinate

  Fumarate is reduced to succinate.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Fumarate is reduced to succinate en route to propionate formation.
• succinyl-CoA causally upstream of methylmalonyl-CoA

  The pathway proceeds through succinyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA intermediates.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 The pathway proceeds through succinyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA intermediates during propionate formation.
• propionyl-CoA causally upstream of propionate

  Propionyl-CoA is converted to propionate by a CoA-transferase.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 Propionyl-CoA is finally converted to propionic acid or propionate by a CoA-transferase.
• propionic acid fermentation has byproduct acetate

  The fermentation produces propionate with acetate as a co-product.

  • DOI:10.3390/molecules31020333 The fermentation is defined as producing propionic acid with acetate as a co-product.