METABOLISM (180)

A fermentation in which microorganisms convert sugars to acetoin and 2,3-butanediol neutral end products through the butanediol pathway.

An autotrophic carbon-fixation pathway in which two molecules of bicarbonate are fixed via 3-hydroxypropionate and converted to glyoxylate and pyruvate. It is characteristic of the filamentous anoxygenic phototroph Chloroflexus aurantiacus.

An autotrophic carbon-fixation pathway that fixes two molecules of bicarbonate per turn via 3-hydroxypropionate and 4-hydroxybutyrate intermediates. It operates in aerobic and microaerophilic Crenarchaeota such as Sulfolobus and Metallosphaera.

A metabolism that produces acetate as the primary end product through the reduction of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds using the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, typically performed by acetogenic bacteria under anaerobic conditions.

A respiration in which molecular oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation with water as the final product.

A respiration in which an organism uses electron acceptors other than oxygen for energy production.

A metabolism in which electrons are transferred over centimeter-scale distances through multicellular filaments.

An autotrophic carbon-fixation pathway (the reductive pentose phosphate cycle) that fixes CO2 using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). It is the most widespread CO2-fixation pathway, used by plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and many proteobacteria.

A metabolism in which a single substrate simultaneously undergoes both oxidation and reduction reactions, with part of the substrate serving as the electron donor and another part serving as the electron acceptor.

A metabolism in which electrons are transferred from an electron donor to an electron acceptor.

A respiration that generates energy through the oxidation of organic compounds without using an external electron acceptor, using organic molecules as both electron donors and final electron acceptors.

A metabolism in which acetate is produced as the sole reduced end product from reduction of CO2 via the acetyl-CoA pathway.

A metabolism in which methane is produced as the primary end product through the reduction of carbon-containing compounds, formate, methanol, or acetate, exclusively performed by methanogenic archaea under strictly anaerobic conditions.

A metabolism that generates ATP through the transfer of electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, coupled to the pumping of protons across a membrane to create an electrochemical gradient.

A metabolism in which ATP is formed directly by transfer of a phosphoryl group from a substrate to ADP.

A metabolism in which the metabolism of one species is thermodynamically dependent on the removal of its products by another species.

An autotrophic carbon-fixation pathway (the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway) in which two molecules of CO2 are reduced and combined into acetyl-CoA. It is energetically efficient and used by acetogenic bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and some sulfate-reducing bacteria.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism intracellularly accumulates above environmental concentration.

A methanogenesis in which acetate is split into methane and carbon dioxide.

A fermentation in which solventogenic bacteria convert organic carbon sources to organic acids and then reassimilate those acids to produce acetone, butanol, and ethanol solvents.

An anaerobic nitrogen metabolism in which ammonium is oxidized with nitrite as the electron acceptor to form dinitrogen.

A metabolism in which methane is oxidized under anoxic conditions, classically coupled to sulfate reduction and mediated by consortia of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate-reducing bacteria. It is a major sink for methane in marine sediments.

A phototrophic metabolism that uses light energy with a single photosystem and bacteriochlorophyll, using electron donors other than water (e.g. H2S, H2, Fe(II), organics) and therefore not evolving oxygen. Characteristic of purple and green sulfur bacteria, Chloroflexi, and heliobacteria.

A metabolism in which an organism catabolizes an aromatic compound, whether or not that compound is a hydrocarbon.

A hydrocarbon degradation in which the substrate carries at least one aromatic ring.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses arsenate as the terminal electron acceptor and reduces it to arsenite for energy conservation.

A metabolism in which an organism enzymatically oxidizes arsenite to arsenate as an energy-generating electron donor or detoxification substrate.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism takes up and incorporates into cellular biomass.

A metabolism in which an organism secretes enzymes to depolymerize recalcitrant biopolymers (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, and lignin) into assimilable units for growth.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate from which the organism produces an acidic metabolite, lowering medium pH.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate from which the organism produces an alkaline metabolite, raising medium pH.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate from which the organism produces a gaseous metabolite (e.g. CO2, H2, N2, H2S, CH4).

A fermentation in which anaerobic bacteria convert organic substrates to butyrate as a major reduced end product while conserving energy by substrate-level phosphorylation or ion-gradient generation.

A general OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a biological process or metabolic capability the organism is capable of. Intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, with a METPO biological-process (or GO biological-process) class as the object.

A metabolic process in which an organism assimilates inorganic carbon (CO2 or bicarbonate) into organic compounds (autotrophy). Six distinct natural autotrophic carbon-fixation pathways are currently recognized.

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism hydrolyzes cellulose to cellodextrins and glucose using cellulase systems, sometimes organized into cellulosomes.

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism hydrolyzes chitin to N-acetylglucosamine oligomers and monomers using secreted chitinases.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses chlorate as the terminal electron acceptor and reduces it to chloride for energy conservation.

A fermentation in which citrate is the primary fermentable substrate.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that the organism sequesters into a specific subcellular compartment or specialised organelle.

A nitrification metabolism in which a single organism oxidizes ammonia via nitrite to nitrate.

A metabolism in which an organism oxidizes molecular hydrogen as an electron donor for energy conservation independently of light.

A sulfur oxidation in which an organism oxidizes a reduced inorganic sulfur compound as an electron donor for energy conservation independently of light.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism enzymatically breaks down.

An anaerobic respiratory metabolism in which nitrate is reduced stepwise to gaseous dinitrogen via nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide, removing fixed nitrogen from the system as gas.

An autotrophic carbon-fixation pathway that fixes one molecule of CO2 and one of bicarbonate per turn via a dicarboxylate stage and a 4-hydroxybutyrate stage. It operates in anaerobic and microaerophilic Crenarchaeota such as Ignicoccus and Thermoproteales.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses dimethyl sulfoxide as the terminal electron acceptor for energy conservation.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism simultaneously oxidises and reduces (disproportionation), yielding both higher- and lower-oxidation-state products.

An anaerobic respiratory metabolism in which an organism conserves energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of organic matter or hydrogen to the reduction of Fe(III) as a terminal electron acceptor. Characteristic of Geobacter and Shewanella, often via extracellular electron transfer.

An anaerobic respiratory metabolism in which an organism conserves energy by reducing Mn(IV) oxides to soluble Mn(II) as a terminal electron acceptor while oxidizing organic matter or hydrogen.

An anaerobic respiratory metabolism in which an organism conserves energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of organic matter or hydrogen to the reduction of a metal (e.g. Fe(III), Mn(IV)) as a terminal electron acceptor.

An anaerobic respiratory metabolism in which nitrate is reduced via nitrite to ammonium (rather than to N2), conserving fixed nitrogen within the ecosystem. It is favored over denitrification under nitrate-limited, high-electron-donor conditions.

An anaerobic respiratory metabolism in which an organism uses sulfate as the terminal electron acceptor, reducing it to hydrogen sulfide while oxidizing organic matter or hydrogen for energy.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT intracellularly accumulate a given chemical entity above environmental concentration. Negation companion of the positive 'accumulates' predicate. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> <this property> <CHEBI class>`.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT take up and incorporate a given chemical entity into cellular biomass. Negation companion of the positive 'assimilates' predicate.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT produce an acidic metabolite from a given chemical substrate (no medium acidification observed). Negation companion of 'builds acid from'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT produce an alkaline metabolite from a given chemical substrate (no medium alkalinisation observed). Negation companion of 'builds base from'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT produce a gaseous metabolite from a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'builds gas from'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT sequester a given chemical into a specific subcellular compartment. Negation companion of 'compartmentalizes'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT enzymatically break down a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'degrades'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT carry out a disproportionation reaction on a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'disproportionates'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT export a given chemical from the cytoplasm. Negation companion of 'exports'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT ferment a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'ferments'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT hydrolyse a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'hydrolyzes'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT import a given chemical from the extracellular environment. Negation companion of 'imports'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT oxidise a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'oxidizes'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT produce a given chemical as a metabolic product. Negation companion of 'produces'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT reduce a given chemical substrate. Negation companion of 'reduces'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT sequester or chelate a given chemical. Negation companion of 'sequesters'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT show the catalytic activity of a given enzyme (material entity) class. Negation companion of 'shows activity of'. Intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time with a METPO enzyme class (METPO:1000527 or its subclass) as the object.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT transport a given chemical across its membranes. Negation companion of 'transports'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does *not* use a given chemical entity as a source of carbon for biosynthesis. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> METPO:2000031 CHEBI:17234` ("organism does not use glucose as carbon source"). Negation companion to METPO:2000006.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does *not* use a given chemical entity as a terminal electron acceptor in respiration. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> METPO:X CHEBI:17632` ("organism does not use nitrate as electron acceptor"). Negation companion to METPO:2000008.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does *not* use a given chemical entity as an electron donor. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> METPO:X CHEBI:18276` ("organism does not use H2 as electron donor"). Negation companion to METPO:2000009.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT use a given chemical as a source of energy for metabolism. Negation companion of 'uses as energy source'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT use a given chemical as a source of nitrogen for biosynthesis. Negation companion of 'uses as nitrogen source'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT use a given chemical as a source of sulfur for biosynthesis. Negation companion of 'uses as sulfur source'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT catabolise a given substrate under aerobic conditions. Negation companion of 'uses for aerobic catabolization'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT grow under aerobic conditions using a given chemical. Negation companion of 'uses for aerobic growth'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT catabolise a given substrate under anaerobic conditions. Negation companion of 'uses for anaerobic catabolization'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT grow under anaerobic conditions using a given chemical. Negation companion of 'uses for anaerobic growth'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT grow under anaerobic conditions without illumination using a given chemical. Negation companion of 'uses for anaerobic growth in the dark'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT grow under anaerobic conditions with illumination using a given chemical. Negation companion of 'uses for anaerobic growth with light'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT grow on a given chemical. Negation companion of 'uses for growth'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT use a given chemical in respiratory metabolism. Negation companion of 'uses for respiration'.

Catch-all negation OBJECT_PROPERTY asserting that an organism does NOT use a given chemical in any way not covered by the more specific predicates. Negation companion of 'uses in other way'.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to an enzyme (material entity) whose catalytic activity has been experimentally assayed for that organism. Intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time with a METPO enzyme class (METPO:1000527 or its subclass) as the object.

A fermentation in which pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde (releasing CO2) and then reduced by NADH to ethanol, regenerating NAD+ for glycolysis. Characteristic of yeasts and the bacterium Zymomonas mobilis.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that the organism exports from the cytoplasm to the periplasm or extracellular environment.

A fermentation in which an organism disposes of excess reducing equivalents by producing molecular hydrogen (H2), typically via hydrogenases acting on reduced ferredoxin or formate.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism ferments — using organic compounds as both electron donors and acceptors with substrate-level phosphorylation for ATP.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor and reduces it to succinate for energy conservation.

Relates a microbe to a NaCl tolerance breadth (delta) observation.

Relates a microbe to a NaCl observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth NaCl observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth oxygen observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth pH observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth temperature observation.

Relates a microbe to an optimum NaCl observation.

Relates a microbe to an optimum oxygen observation.

Relates a microbe to an optimum pH observation.

Relates a microbe to an optimum temperature observation.

Relates a microbe to a oxygen tolerance breadth (delta) observation.

Relates a microbe to an oxygen observation.

Relates a microbe to a pH tolerance breadth (delta) observation.

Relates a microbe to a pH observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth NaCl range observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth oxygen range observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth pH range observation.

Relates a microbe to a growth temperature range observation.

Relates a microbe to a temperature tolerance breadth (delta) observation.

Relates a microbe to a temperature observation.

A metabolism in which an organism catabolizes a hydrocarbon, using it as a carbon and energy source.

A methanogenesis in which carbon dioxide is reduced to methane using molecular hydrogen as the electron donor.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism hydrolyses (cleaves by addition of water).

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that the organism imports from the extracellular environment into the cytoplasm.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses iodate as the terminal electron acceptor for energy conservation.

A metabolism in which an organism oxidizes ferrous iron (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) to conserve energy, at acidic or circumneutral pH and under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that is *not* required for that organism's growth (positive assertion of non-requirement). Functions as the negation companion of 'requires for growth'.

A fermentation in which sugars are converted mainly to lactate, with ATP generated by substrate-level phosphorylation. Homolactic fermentation yields ~2 lactate per glucose via glycolysis; heterolactic fermentation also yields ethanol/acetate and CO2. Characteristic of lactic acid bacteria (e.g. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus).

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism breaks down lignin, the recalcitrant aromatic heteropolymer of plant cell walls, using oxidative enzymes such as peroxidases and laccases.

A metabolism in which a microorganism hydrolyzes triacylglycerols into fatty acids and glycerol through lipase-catalyzed ester cleavage.

A metabolism in which microorganisms oxidize soluble Mn(II) to Mn(III) or Mn(IV) products through mechanisms including bacterial multicopper oxidases and fungal manganese peroxidases; many systems deposit insoluble manganese oxides.

A biological process that maintains life in an organism.

A metabolism in which an organism oxidizes methanol, typically to formaldehyde, as a carbon and energy source.

A methanogenesis in which methylated compounds donate methyl groups that are transferred to coenzyme M and reduced to methane.

A fermentation in which sugars are converted via the glycolytic pathway to a mixture of acids (lactic, acetic, formic, succinic) plus ethanol, CO2 and H2. Characteristic of enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli.

A metabolism in which an organism reduces nitrate, whether for energy conservation or for assimilation into biomass.

A nitrogen respiration in which nitrate is the terminal electron acceptor, reduced to nitrite or further reduced products.

A biological process in which ammonia is oxidized to nitrite (ammonia oxidation) and nitrite is oxidized to nitrate (nitrite oxidation), in two steps.

A nitrogen respiration in which nitrite is the terminal electron acceptor.

A metabolism in which an organism reduces atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) to ammonia using the nitrogenase enzyme complex, making fixed nitrogen biologically available (diazotrophy).

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism conserves energy by transferring electrons to an oxidized nitrogen compound as the terminal electron acceptor.

The root OBJECT_PROPERTY for all organism-to-chemical interactions in the metabolism vocabulary; concrete uses (uses-as-X, ferments, produces, etc.) specialise this relation.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses an organohalide as the terminal electron acceptor for energy conservation.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism oxidises (removes electrons or hydrogens from).

A phototrophic metabolism that uses light energy to fix CO2, oxidizing water as the electron donor and releasing molecular oxygen. It uses two linked photosystems and chlorophyll, and is characteristic of cyanobacteria (and plant chloroplasts).

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism depolymerizes pectin into oligogalacturonides and catabolizes the released pectin breakdown products using pectinolytic enzymes.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses perchlorate as the terminal electron acceptor and reduces it to chloride for energy conservation.

A metabolism in which anoxygenic phototrophs use light energy to oxidize Fe(II) as an electron donor for carbon fixation and biomass formation.

A phototrophic metabolism that uses light energy and chlorophyll- or bacteriochlorophyll-based photochemical reaction centers to drive electron flow, fixing CO2 and/or generating reducing power. Subdivided into oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis.

A metabolism in which an organism captures light as its energy source. It encompasses chlorophyll-based photosynthesis (with photochemical reaction centers) and retinal-based (rhodopsin) light-driven ion pumping.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that the organism produces and exports or accumulates as a metabolic product.

A fermentation that produces propionate (with acetate and CO2) from sugars or lactate, typically via the Wood-Werkman (methylmalonyl-CoA) pathway. Characteristic of propionibacteria (e.g. Propionibacterium freudenreichii).

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism secretes proteases to hydrolyze extracellular proteins and peptides into amino acids and short peptides for nutrition.

A light-harvesting metabolism in which a retinal-containing membrane protein (proteorhodopsin) acts as a light-driven proton pump, generating proton motive force without chlorophyll-based reaction centers. Widespread among marine bacterioplankton.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism reduces (adds electrons or hydrogens to).

An autotrophic carbon-fixation pathway (reductive citric acid / Arnon-Buchanan cycle) that runs the tricarboxylic acid cycle in reverse to fix CO2. It operates in anaerobic and microaerophilic bacteria such as green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobium) and Aquificales.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism requires for growth (essential nutrient, cofactor, or growth factor).

A metabolism that is characterized by the method of performing cellular respiration, distinguished primarily by the specific terminal electron acceptor utilized for producing cellular energy.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism conserves energy by transferring electrons to an inorganic sulfur compound as the terminal electron acceptor.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses selenate as the terminal electron acceptor for energy conservation.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that the organism specifically sequesters or chelates intracellularly or in specialised structures.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to an enzyme (material entity) for which the organism shows the corresponding catalytic activity. Intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time with a METPO enzyme class (METPO:1000527 or its subclass) as the object — the assertion reads "<organism> expresses an enzyme of class <X>, evidenced by activity measurement".

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism hydrolyzes starch (amylose and amylopectin) to maltooligosaccharides and glucose using amylases and related glycoside hydrolases.

A metabolism in which an organism oxidizes reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (sulfide, elemental sulfur, thiosulfate) to sulfate, conserving energy and often supporting chemolithotrophic growth.

A respiration of sulfur compounds in which elemental sulfur is the terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to sulfide.

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses tetrathionate as the terminal electron acceptor and reduces it to thiosulfate for energy conservation.

A respiration of sulfur compounds in which thiosulfate is the terminal electron acceptor.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that the organism transports across its membranes (without specifying direction or coupling).

An anaerobic respiration in which an organism uses trimethylamine N-oxide as the terminal electron acceptor and reduces it to trimethylamine for energy conservation.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity (e.g. a CHEBI class) that the organism uses as a source of carbon for biosynthesis. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> METPO:2000006 CHEBI:17234` ("organism uses glucose as carbon source").

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity (e.g. a CHEBI class) that the organism uses as the terminal electron acceptor in respiration. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> METPO:2000008 CHEBI:17632` ("organism uses nitrate as electron acceptor").

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity (e.g. a CHEBI class) that the organism oxidises as an electron donor for energy conservation or biosynthetic reductant. The intended use is predicate + class composition at assertion time, e.g. `<organism> METPO:2000009 CHEBI:18276` ("organism uses molecular hydrogen as electron donor").

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism uses as a source of energy for metabolism.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism uses as a source of nitrogen for biosynthesis.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism uses as a source of sulfur for biosynthesis.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism catabolises under aerobic (oxygen-respiring) conditions.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that supports the organism's growth under aerobic conditions.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical substrate that the organism catabolises under anaerobic conditions.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that supports the organism's growth under anaerobic conditions.

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that supports the organism's growth under anaerobic conditions without illumination (i.e. excluding phototrophic anaerobic growth).

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that supports the organism's growth under anaerobic conditions with illumination (anoxygenic phototrophic growth).

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical that supports the organism's growth (without specifying aerobic or anaerobic mode).

An OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical entity that the organism uses in respiratory metabolism (typically as electron donor or terminal electron acceptor).

A catch-all OBJECT_PROPERTY relating an organism to a chemical the organism uses in some way not covered by the more specific predicates (uses_as_carbon_source, uses_as_electron_donor, etc.).

A biopolymer-degradation metabolism in which an organism hydrolyzes xylan, the most abundant hemicellulose, into xylose and xylo-oligosaccharides using xylanases and accessory enzymes.