metabolism

Edge evidence

• substrate uptake feeds catabolism

  Imported substrates feed the catabolic reactions of the cell.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.1238842 energy and microbial life Supports substrate uptake as the input to catabolic energy flow.
• catabolism produces ATP and reducing power METPO:2000202

  Catabolic reactions generate ATP and reducing equivalents.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135503 ATP synthesis Supports ATP and reducing power as canonical outputs of catabolism.
• ATP and reducing power enables biosynthesis RO:0002327

  ATP and reducing power fuel biosynthetic reactions.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135503 ATP synthesis Supports ATP-driven biosynthesis as the central coupling of energy to anabolism.
• biosynthesis enables cellular growth RO:0002327

  Biosynthesis supports accumulation of biomass and growth.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.1238842 energy and microbial life Supports biosynthesis-driven growth as the goal of cellular metabolism.
• cellular growth realizes metabolism

  The coordinated substrate-uptake / catabolism / biosynthesis / growth flow realizes the metabolism phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.1238842 energy and microbial life Supports metabolism as the integrated process maintaining microbial life.
• respiratory electron transport chain generates proton motive force biolink:produces

  Electron transfer through respiratory chains translocates protons to create the gradient.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22459 Proton movement driven by respiratory electron transfer creates the gradient that powers ATP synthesis.
• ATP synthase uses proton motive force

  ATP synthase consumes the electrochemical proton motive force to drive phosphorylation.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22459 ATP synthase converts ADP + Pi to ATP using an electrochemical proton motive force generated by respiratory chains.
• ATP synthase produces ATP production METPO:2000202

  ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP to ATP, generating cellular energy currency.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22459 Membrane-bound ATP synthase converts potential energy to ATP by phosphorylating ADP.
• respiration energy demand decreases carbon use efficiency RO:0002212

  Diverting more carbon to respiration lowers the fraction converted to biomass.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-52160-5 CUE declines when more carbon is diverted to respiration to generate energy for uptake, maintenance, and enzyme production.
• substrate complexity increases energetic cost of metabolism RO:0002213

  Substrates needing enzymatic degradation raise the energetic cost of metabolism.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-52160-5 Energy required depends on whether compounds are directly taken up or need enzymatic degradation.