gut-associated

Edge evidence

• gastrointestinal tract habitat enables gut-associated RO:0002327

  The intestinal environment supports persistent residency.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.1104816 Bäckhed et al. characterize the distal intestine as a dense microbial habitat.
• gut-associated contributes to host metabolic contribution RO:0002326

  Gut microbiota provide metabolic capabilities to the host.

  • DOI:10.1073/pnas.1218525110 McFall-Ngai et al. support the gut microbiota as a metabolically consequential host-associated community.
• bacterial adhesins enables adhesion to intestinal mucus/epithelium RO:0002327

  Bacterial adhesins bind host receptors to enable adhesion.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12051026 Adhesion primarily relies on adhesins; binding of bacterial adhesins to host receptors is a prerequisite for long-term colonization (Lin et al., 2024).
• adhesion to intestinal mucus/epithelium prerequisite for gut-associated

  Adhesion to mucus/epithelium is a prerequisite for long-term gut colonization.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12051026 Adhesion emphasized as the prerequisite for persistence (adhesion -> growth -> reproduction) (Lin et al., 2024).
• bile acids/bile salts exerts antimicrobial pressure on gastrointestinal tract habitat

  Bile acids shape gut community via antimicrobial and detergent-like properties.

  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.03576-23 Bile acids shape the gut microbiome composition due to antimicrobial and detergent-like properties, creating a harsh gut environment (McMillan et al., 2024).
• bile acids/bile salts inhibits bacterial growth in small intestine RO:0002212

  Small-intestinal bile salts inhibit growth of many bacteria.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.011 Bile salts and Paneth-cell antimicrobial peptides inhibit growth of many bacteria in the small intestine (Muramatsu & Winter, 2024).
• Paneth-cell antimicrobial peptides inhibits bacterial growth in small intestine RO:0002212

  Paneth-cell antimicrobial peptides inhibit growth of many small-intestinal bacteria.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.011 Antimicrobial peptides released by Paneth cells inhibit growth of many bacteria in the small intestine (Muramatsu & Winter, 2024).
• intestinal peristalsis reduces colonization/retention in duodenum METPO:2000017

  Strong peristalsis (plus bile/antimicrobials) makes the duodenum hostile to retention.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12051026 The duodenum is hostile to retention due to bile, antimicrobials, and strong peristalsis (Lin et al., 2024).
• limitation of colonic luminal oxygen diffusion enables primary-fermenter-dominated community RO:0002327

  Host limitation of luminal oxygen shelters a primary-fermenter-dominated community.

  • DOI:10.1128/iai.00302-24 During homeostasis, host functions that limit oxygen diffusion into the colonic lumen shelter a community dominated by primary fermenters (Lee et al., 2024).