pleomorphic shaped

Edge evidence

• weak/absent shape-determining cytoskeleton relaxes variable cell geometry

  Weak shape-determining cytoskeleton permits multiple geometries.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 cell shape is genetically determined Supports cytoskeletal loss as a driver of multi-shape populations.
• weak or absent peptidoglycan wall enables variable cell geometry RO:0002327

  Reduced or absent cell wall enables membrane-driven shape variability.

  • DOI:10.1126/science.1170701 cell-wall-deficient L-forms Supports wall deficiency as a basis for L-form pleomorphism.
• variable cell geometry manifests as pleomorphic shaped METPO:2007400

  Variable geometry across cells manifests pleomorphism.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155745 cell shape is genetically determined Supports the trait endpoint.
• inhibition of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis causes transition to L-form / wall-deficient state

  Inhibition of cell-wall precursor synthesis stimulates the L-form transition.

  • DOI:10.1098/rstb.2015.0494 Repression or inhibition of cell wall precursor synthesis can stimulate the L-form transition in a wide range of bacteria.
• L-form / wall-deficient state manifests as pleomorphic shaped METPO:2007400

  The wall-deficient L-form state presents as pleomorphic morphology.

  • DOI:10.1098/rstb.2015.0494 Wall-deficient L-form state is characterized by pleomorphic morphology across diverse bacteria.
• excess membrane synthesis drives proliferation of L-form / wall-deficient state

  Increased membrane synthesis drives proliferation of wall-free pleomorphic L-forms.

  • DOI:10.1098/rstb.2015.0494 Increasing membrane synthesis promotes the unusual form of proliferation used by L-forms, involving disorganized membrane blebbing/vesiculation.
• excess membrane synthesis enables blebbing-tubulation-scission proliferation RO:0002327

  Increased membrane synthesis / elevated surface area-to-volume ratio enables blebbing-scission proliferation.

  • DOI:10.1042/bst20160435 Proliferation appears to require only an increased rate of membrane synthesis, producing an increased surface area-to-volume ratio.
• oxidative stress / ROS from respiratory chain limits or kills L-form / wall-deficient state

  ROS-driven oxidative stress constrains survival of wall-deficient cells.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2019.07.008 Reactive oxygen species are formed, causing oxidative stress and ultimately killing the wall-deficient cells.
• loss of cell wall causes pleomorphic shaped biolink:causes

  Loss of the cell wall causes spherical or pleomorphic morphology in rod-shaped bacteria.

  • DOI:10.3390/bioengineering11010081 Rod-shaped bacteria (e.g., E. coli, B. subtilis) exhibit spherical or pleomorphic shapes due to the lack of cell walls.