yellow pigmented

Edge evidence

• Crt enzymes catalyzes carotenoid biosynthesis biolink:catalyzes

  Crt enzymes catalyze carotenoid biosynthetic reactions.

  • DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2025.2526423 crt genes ... reactions they catalyze Supports Crt enzymes as catalysts in bacterial carotenoid pathways.
• carotenoid biosynthesis produces yellow carotenoids METPO:2000202

  Carotenoid biosynthesis produces yellow-pigment carotenoids in representative bacteria.

  • DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2025.2526423 yellow pigmentation in bacteria Supports carotenoids as one source of yellow pigmentation.
• yellow carotenoids causes visible yellow color biolink:causes

  Yellow carotenoids cause visible yellow colony or cell color.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2010.07.007 Carotenoids are natural pigments Supports carotenoids as visible pigments in bacteria.
• visible yellow color manifests as yellow pigmented METPO:2007400

  Visible yellow color manifests the yellow-pigmented phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2025.2526423 yellow pigmentation in bacteria Supports trait-level yellow pigmentation.
• IPP/DMAPP precursor of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP)

  C5 precursors IPP/DMAPP are elongated to the C20 carotenoid precursor GGPP.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-58700-9 Carotenoid synthesis begins from the C5 isoprenoid precursors IPP and DMAPP, which are converted via chain elongation to the C20 precursor GGPP.
• IdsA/CrtE (GGPP synthase) catalyzes geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) biolink:catalyzes

  IdsA/CrtE (GGPP synthase) catalyzes formation of GGPP from IPP and DMAPP.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-58700-9 IdsA, the major geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase converting IPP and DMAPP to GGPP; GGPPS annotated CrtE/IdsA.
• geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) precursor of lycopene

  Two GGPP molecules condense to form the C40 backbone lycopene.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-58700-9 Two GGPP molecules condense to form the C40 backbone lycopene.
• CrtI (phytoene desaturase) enables lycopene biosynthesis RO:0002327

  CrtI (phytoene desaturase) enables lycopene biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12040803 Phytoene desaturase (CrtI) to produce lycopene.
• lycopene biosynthesis produces lycopene METPO:2000202

  Lycopene biosynthesis produces lycopene.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms12040803 Pathway proceeds through phytoene synthase (CrtB) and phytoene desaturase (CrtI) to produce lycopene.
• CrtY (lycopene beta-cyclase) catalyzes conversion to beta-carotene

  CrtY (lycopene beta-cyclase) cyclizes lycopene to beta-carotene.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-58700-9 Lycopene is cyclized to beta-carotene by lycopene beta-cyclase (crtY).
• beta-carotene causes or contributes to yellow pigmented

  beta-carotene is a canonical yellow/orange carotenoid that contributes to the yellow phenotype.

  • DOI:10.4014/jmb.2404.04018 beta-carotene serves as a colorant and is the classic yellow/orange carotenoid pigment.
• flexirubin-type pigment contributes to yellow pigmented RO:0002326

  Flexirubin-type pigments produce yellow colony coloration, a carotenoid-independent yellow pigment route.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-54112-5 Flexirubin-type pigment-producing bacterium is yellow (or orange) in color; flexirubin is a known yellow pigment.
• flexirubin-type pigment protects against reactive oxygen species damage

  Flexirubin protects against reactive oxygen species damage.

  • DOI:10.1038/s41467-024-54112-5 Flexirubin is known as a yellow pigment that effectively protects against reactive oxygen species damage.