pigmentation

Edge evidence

• pigment biosynthesis produces chromophore-containing metabolites METPO:2000202

  Pigment biosynthetic pathways produce colored metabolites.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.006 bacterial pigments and their applications Review supports bacterial pigment production as biosynthesis of colored compounds.
• chromophore-containing metabolites causes visible colony color biolink:causes

  Chromophore-containing metabolites cause visible microbial color.

  • DOI:10.1177/1934578X1801301240 such as melanin, carotenoids, pyocyanin, bacteriochlorophylls, violacein, prodigiosin Supports multiple chemically distinct bacterial pigments as colorants.
• environmental regulation modulates pigment biosynthesis RO:0002211

  Growth and environmental conditions can modulate pigment biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.3389/fsufs.2020.00100 bacterial pigments ... production ... genetic engineering Supports pigment production as condition- and regulation-sensitive; retained as a broad regulatory edge.
• visible colony color manifests as pigmentation METPO:2007400

  Visible colony color manifests the pigmentation phenotype.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.procbio.2013.06.006 focus on applications of bacterial pigments Supports pigmentation as a visible output of bacterial pigment chemistry.
• mevalonate pathway provides precursor for carotenoid biosynthesis

  The mevalonate pathway supplies C5 isoprenoid precursors (IPP/DMAPP) for carotenoid biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11122920 GGPP originates from C5 precursors (IPP and DMAPP) via either the MVA or MEP pathways.
• MEP pathway provides precursor for carotenoid biosynthesis

  The MEP pathway supplies C5 isoprenoid precursors (IPP/DMAPP) for carotenoid biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11122920 GGPP originates from C5 precursors (IPP and DMAPP) via either the MVA or MEP pathways.
• crtE/crtB/crtI/crtY gene set enables beta-carotene biosynthesis RO:0002327

  The crtE/crtB/crtI/crtY gene set encodes enzymes enabling beta-carotene biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11030614 beta-carotene: crtE, crtY, crtI, crtB; curate as generic carotenoid module.
• beta-carotene biosynthesis is a carotenoid biosynthesis rdfs:subClassOf

  Beta-carotene biosynthesis is a specific carotenoid biosynthetic route.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11030614 Beta-carotene is a carotenoid pigment produced by carotenogenic crt genes.
• shikimate pathway precursor of phenazine biosynthesis

  The shikimate pathway provides aromatic precursors for phenazine biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.3390/microorganisms11122920 Phenazine pigments (including pyocyanin) derive from the shikimate pathway.
• hppD 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase produces homogentisate METPO:2000202

  HppD converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate in the pyomelanin pathway.

  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.00410-24 Conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to HGA by HppD.
• homogentisate polymerizes to form pyomelanin

  Homogentisate auto-oxidizes and polymerizes to form the pigment pyomelanin.

  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.00410-24 HGA, excretion of HGA, spontaneous auto-oxidation and polymerization to pyomelanin.
• hmgA homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase prevents accumulation of pyomelanin

  HmgA converts homogentisate to maleylacetoacetate, preventing pyomelanin accumulation.

  • DOI:10.1128/spectrum.00410-24 HmgA normally converts HGA to maleylacetoacetate, preventing pigment accumulation.