chemoautotrophic

Edge evidence

• chemoautotrophic uses energy substrate reduced inorganic compound

  Chemoautotrophs derive energy from oxidizing reduced inorganic compounds.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.191 physiology ... of chemoautotrophic bacteria Review supports chemoautotrophic metabolism based on chemical energy and CO2 fixation.
• reduced inorganic compound enables respiratory energy conservation RO:0002327

  Oxidation of chemical substrates supports energy conservation.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008 free energy of a redox reaction Supports energy conservation from redox reactions in respiratory systems.
• respiratory energy conservation produces ATP METPO:2000202

  Energy conservation produces ATP for biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.09.008 drives ATP synthesis Supports ATP synthesis from respiratory energy conservation.
• respiratory energy conservation produces NADPH METPO:2000202

  Chemoautotrophic electron flow supplies reducing equivalents.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125768 NADH, or ... NADPH Supports reduced redox cofactors in chemolithoautotrophic metabolism.
• carbon dioxide fixed by Calvin-Benson cycle METPO:2007404

  CO2 can be fixed through the Calvin-Benson cycle.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.02473-10 Calvin-Benson reductive pentose phosphate cycle Supports Calvin-Benson as a microbial autotrophic CO2-fixation pathway.
• RuBisCO catalyzes Calvin-Benson cycle biolink:catalyzes

  RuBisCO catalyzes the carboxylation step of Calvin-Benson CO2 fixation.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.02473-10 form I RuBisCO Supports RuBisCO as a Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme.
• ATP enables Calvin-Benson cycle RO:0002327

  ATP is required for chemoautotrophic CO2 fixation.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.02473-10 energy required for autotrophic CO2 fixation Supports ATP/energy requirement for carbon fixation.
• NADPH enables Calvin-Benson cycle RO:0002327

  Reducing equivalents support reductive CO2 fixation.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125768 reduction of CO2 Supports NAD(P)H-like reductant use in carbon fixation.
• Calvin-Benson cycle produces cellular biomass METPO:2000202

  Fixed carbon is incorporated into cellular biomass.

  • DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.191 physiology, ecology, and molecular biology Review scope supports chemoautotrophic bacterial growth from fixed carbon.
• carboxysome encapsulates RuBisCO

  Carboxysomes encapsulate RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase within a protein shell.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01075-24 Carboxysomes encapsulate RubisCO and carbonic anhydrase (CA) within a protein shell.
• carboxysome encapsulates carbonic anhydrase

  Carboxysomes encapsulate carbonic anhydrase alongside RuBisCO.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01075-24 Carboxysomes encapsulate RubisCO and carbonic anhydrase (CA) within a protein shell.
• carbonic anhydrase produces carbon dioxide METPO:2000202

  Carbonic anhydrase converts bicarbonate to CO2 inside the carboxysome for RuBisCO.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01075-24 Inside carboxysomes, CA converts HCO3- to CO2, which RubisCO then fixes.
• carbonic anhydrase uses substrate bicarbonate

  Carbonic anhydrase uses bicarbonate as substrate to generate CO2.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01075-24 Inside carboxysomes, CA converts HCO3- to CO2, which RubisCO then fixes.
• dissolved inorganic carbon transporter enables carbon-concentrating mechanism RO:0002327

  DIC (CO2/HCO3-) transporters supply substrate for the carbon-concentrating mechanism.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01075-24 CCMs consist of CO2 and HCO3- transporters and carboxysomes.
• carbon-concentrating mechanism enables Calvin-Benson cycle RO:0002327

  The carbon-concentrating mechanism elevates CO2 around RuBisCO to support Calvin-Benson fixation.

  • DOI:10.1128/AEM.01075-24 CCMs consisting of transporters and carboxysomes concentrate CO2 for RubisCO-mediated fixation.
• Calvin-Benson cycle enables inorganic carbon assimilation RO:0002327

  The Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle drives inorganic carbon assimilation in chemolithoautotrophs.

  • DOI:10.1101/2024.08.01.606197 The CBB cycle accounts for >99% of global autotrophy and is used in chemolithoautotrophs.
• carbon dioxide fixed by 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle METPO:2007404

  The 3HP/4HB cycle is an energy-efficient aerobic CO2-fixation pathway used by chemoautotrophs.

  • DOI:10.1038/s42003-024-06432-x Currently considered the most energy-efficient aerobic carbon fixation pathway.