heterotrophic

Edge evidence

• heterotrophic uses carbon source organic molecule METPO:2000006

  Heterotrophy uses organic compounds as carbon sources instead of CO2.

  • DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3 organic compounds as the primary sources of carbon Supports organic compounds as heterotrophic carbon sources.
• organic molecule imported by nutrient uptake

  Organic nutrients must be taken up before intracellular metabolism.

  • DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3 nutrient uptake Supports uptake as part of microbial nutrition.
• nutrient uptake supplies catabolism

  Imported organic substrates feed catabolic metabolism.

  • DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3 breakdown of nutrients Supports catabolic processing of organic nutrients.
• catabolism produces precursor metabolites METPO:2000202

  Catabolism generates central intermediates for biosynthesis.

  • DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3 precursor compounds for anabolism Supports nutrient breakdown to biosynthetic precursors.
• precursor metabolites used by anabolism

  Precursor metabolites are substrates for biosynthetic pathways.

  • DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3 anabolism Supports biosynthetic use of catabolic precursors.
• anabolism produces biomass METPO:2000202

  Anabolism incorporates organic carbon into biomass.

  • DOI:10.1016/B978-012373944-5.00083-3 incorporation of a compound into biomass Supports assimilation of compounds into cell material.
• organic molecule causally enables heterotrophic

  External organic substrates must be imported and metabolized to support heterotrophic growth.

  • DOI:10.1021/acsomega.3c02205 The substrate must be imported and metabolized to produce ATP and NAD(P)H; minimal mechanistic requirement generalizes to heterotrophy.
• catabolism proceeds via glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway

  Catabolism of imported sugars proceeds via Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

  • DOI:10.1111/raq.12700 Glucose catabolism proceeds via Embden-Meyerhof glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway; general central-metabolism support.
• TCA cycle produces precursor metabolites METPO:2000202

  The TCA cycle oxidizes imported organic carbon and supplies biosynthetic precursors.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441865 Genomes encode complete glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle enzymes oxidizing imported organic carbon for precursor generation.
• glyoxylate cycle enhances biomass

  Routing acetyl-CoA through the glyoxylate shunt bypasses CO2-releasing TCA steps, enhancing carbon-to-biomass conversion.

  • DOI:10.1111/raq.12700 The glyoxylate shunt bypasses CO2-releasing TCA steps, enhancing conversion of carbon into biomass.
• catabolism couples to aerobic respiration

  Oxidation of imported organic substrates couples to aerobic respiration for energy conservation.

  • DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1441865 Sugars are used as electron donors for aerobic respiration; respiration is the energy-conservation module for heterotrophy.
• catabolism couples to fermentation

  Under anaerobic conditions heterotrophic energy conservation proceeds via fermentation and substrate-level phosphorylation.

  • DOI:10.1016/j.chom.2024.05.011 Anaerobic conditions favor substrate-level phosphorylation (fermentation) for heterotrophic energy conservation.